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Topic Review
Oxidative Stress in Alcoholic Liver Disease
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is characterized by the injury, inflammation, and scarring in the liver owing to excessive alcohol consumption. Currently, ALD is a leading cause for liver transplantation. Therefore, extensive studies (in vitro, in experimental ALD models and in humans) are needed to elucidate pathological features and pathogenic mechanisms underlying ALD. Notably, oxidative changes in the liver have been recognized as a signature trait of ALD. Progression of ALD is linked to the generation of highly reactive free radicals by reactions involving ethanol and its metabolites. Furthermore, hepatic oxidative stress promotes tissue injury and, in turn, stimulates inflammatory responses in the liver, forming a pathological loop that promotes the progression of ALD. Accordingly, accumulating further knowledge on the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation may help establish a viable therapeutic approach for treating ALD. 
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
The Impact of Climate Change on Cholera
Water ecosystems can be rather sensitive to evolving or sudden changes in weather parameters. These changes can result in alterations in the natural habitat of pathogens, vectors, and human hosts, as well as in the transmission dynamics and geographic distribution of infectious agents. 
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Heritage Houses and Hotel Conative Loyalty
The adaptive reuse of heritage houses as accommodation hotels could preserve their value and attain many financial, social, environmental, and cultural benefits for both tourist destinations and hotel firms. The adaptive reuse of heritage houses has a positive influence on memorable tourism and hospitality experiences. The memorable tourism and hospitality experience has significantly mediated the relationship between the adaptive reuse of heritage houses and hotel conative loyalty. 
  • 1.1K
  • 31 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications
Two-dimensional nanomaterials (2DNMs) received remarkable attention in nanomedicine as a class of new nanomaterials in recent years. 2DNMs, which range from nanometer to micrometer scales, have one or a few atomic thicknesses and are one of the most promising materials for biomedical applications owing to their special structure and unique properties.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Sense of Gain and Rural Infrastructures
Rural infrastructure is not only the foundation for the development of various rural undertakings but also an integral part of the rural economic system. Its construction and operation are closely related to farmers’ quality of life. However, owing to the urban–rural dual structure in many countries in the world, there is still a big gap between the level of rural infrastructure and that of cities, which affects the interests of farmers and restricts the sustainable development of rural areas. The sense of gain can reveal shortcomings in the rural infrastructure from the perspective of farmers, helping to suggest rapid and accurate improvements according to the farmers’ feelings.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 May 2022
Topic Review
Bioactive Factors in Human Breastmilk
Maternal milk, a complex fluid with several bioactive factors, is the best option for the newborn. Its dynamic composition is influenced by diverse factors such as maternal age, lactation period, and health status. 
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Fire Tracking Based on Satellite Videos
Fire tracking has become an attractive application of satellite remote sensing thanks to the characteristics of recent remote sensing images, such as high frequency, large range, and multi-spectrum. Additionally, the high-resolution images provide more information and high-time resolution data in forest fire monitoring, showing great potential in environment monitoring. In recent years, many researchers have concentrated on the activate fire detection based on single images, while a few pieces of literature tracked the fire and smoke based on multi-temporal detection or continuous detection. A vital component of fire tracking from remote sensors is the accurate estimation of the background temperature of an area in a fire’s absence, which helps identify and report fire activity.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Matrix Metalloproteinases and Glaucoma
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes that decompose extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. MMPs are thought to play important roles in cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, migration, apoptosis, and host defense. MMPs are distributed in almost all intraocular tissues and are involved in physiological and pathological mechanisms of the eye. MMPs are also associated with glaucoma, a progressive neurodegenerative disease of the eyes. MMP activity affects intraocular pressure control and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells, which are the pathological mechanisms of glaucoma. It also affects the risk of glaucoma development based on genetic pleomorphism. In addition, MMPs may affect the treatment outcomes of glaucoma, including the success rate of surgical treatment and side effects on the ocular surface due to glaucoma medications. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disorder affected by multiple factors, from which more than 60 million patients worldwide suffer. It is characterized by irreversible progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and distinct optic nerve head (ONH) deterioration, which is related to corresponding visual field loss.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Decision Intelligence
Decision intelligence is an engineering discipline that augments data science with theory from social science, decision theory, and managerial science. Its application provides a framework for best practices in organizational decision-making and processes for applying machine learning at scale. The basic idea is that decisions are based on our understanding of how actions lead to outcomes. Decision intelligence is a discipline for analyzing this chain of cause-and-effect, and decision modeling is a visual language for representing these chains.
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Peptidomimetics and Their Applications for Opioid Peptide Drug
Peptidomimetics are synthetically altered peptides with adjusted molecular properties for specific biological or therapeutic applications and have been an important class of drug molecules due to their potential features, high potency, and low toxicity since the term was created first in the late 1970s.
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Buckwheat and Cardiometabolic Health
Buckwheat (BW) is suggested to have beneficial effects, but evidence on how it affects cardiometabolic health (CMH) is not yet established. Buckwheat is a gluten-free pseudograin rich in fiber and bioactive compounds, and has been suggested to positively affect cardiometabolic health.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Key Inorganic Components of Bone Matrix Nanohydroxyapatite
Each cell type has a specific binding motif on the extracellular matrix, and these interaction spots are nanometers in size; therefore, the physical properties of a surface such as roughness and topography are generally designed in nanoscales. In vitro, osteoblast adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, and mineralization are enhanced for nanomaterials with grain sizes less than 100 nm. The adherence of osteoblasts on the surface covered with titanium nanoparticles is threefold that on the conventional titanium-particle-coated surface. It becomes clear that anchorage-dependent bone-forming cells on rough scaffold surfaces show higher attachment, proliferation, and differentiation efficiency.
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Cardiovascular Disease and Exercise
Inactivity is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Exercise may greatly enhance the metabolism and function of the cardiovascular system, lower several risk factors, and prevent the development and treatment of cardiovascular disease while delivering easy, physical, and emotional enjoyment. Exercise regulates the cardiovascular system by reducing oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, regulating cardiovascular insulin sensitivity and the body’s metabolism, promoting stem cell mobilization, strengthening autophagy and myocardial mitochondrial function, and enhancing cardiovascular damage resistance, among other effects.
  • 1.1K
  • 05 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable European Hazelnut Cultivation
European hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is a shrub native to temperate zones of the northern hemisphere, and it is the most important species among the Corylus genus, mainly due to its high kernel demand from the confectionery industry.
  • 1.1K
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Effects of Prosthetic Restorative Biomaterials on the Periodontium
The success of a prosthetic treatment is closely related to the periodontal health of the individual. The periodontium constitutes the tissues that support the teeth. It is made up of two soft tissues (which are the gingiva and periodontal ligament) and two hard tissues (which are the root cementum and alveolar bone).
  • 1.1K
  • 31 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Endothelial Dysfunction Syndromes after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
Hemato-poietic stem cell transplantation is associated with significant endothelial dysfunction, which may result in severe complications. Endothelial dysfunction induces the expression of multiple substances including, cell adhesion molecules, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and coagulation factors resulting in activation of the complement system, and promoting a procoagulant and proinflammatory state. The pathophysiological process that mediates the endothelial damage is not clearly understood and the aim of this study is a comprehensive review of the existing knowledge. Moreover, the levels of soluble molecules released in the systemic circulation as a result of endothelial damage may serve as biomarkers for the early diagnosis and the pre-emptive treatment of post-transplant syndromes. The review of the existing literature presented in detail shows that the ideal biomarker with sufficient sensitivity and specificity for the early diagnosis of post-transplant complications does not currently exist. Future studies should focus on the identification of novel biomarkers with sufficient specificity and sensitivity. 
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Methods for Optimization of Bone Scaffold
As the application of bone scaffolds becomes more and more widespread, the requirements for the high performance of bone scaffolds are also increasing. The stiffness and porosity of porous structures can be adjusted as needed, making them good candidates for repairing damaged bone tissues. However, the development of porous bone structures is limited by traditional manufacturing methods. Today, the development of additive manufacturing technology has made it very convenient to manufacture bionic porous bone structures as needed. In the present text, the current state-of-the-art optimization techniques for designing the scaffolds and the settings of different optimization methods are introduced. Additionally, various design methods for bone scaffolds are reviewed. Furthermore, the challenges in designing high performance bone scaffolds and the future developments of bone scaffolds are also presented.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Advances in Bioinspired Superhydrophobic Surfaces Made from Silicones
As research on superhydrophobic materials inspired by the self-cleaning and water-repellent properties of plants and animals in nature continues, the superhydrophobic preparation methods and the applications of superhydrophobic surfaces are widely reported. Silicones are preferred for the preparation of superhydrophobic materials because of their inherent hydrophobicity and strong processing ability. In the preparation of superhydrophobic materials, silicones can both form micro-/nano-structures with dehydration condensation and reduce the surface energy of the material surface because of their intrinsic hydrophobicity. The superhydrophobic layers of silicone substrates are characterized by simple and fast reactions, high-temperature resistance, UV resistance, and anti-aging. Although silicone superhydrophobic materials have the disadvantages of relatively low mechanical stability, this can be improved by the rational design of the material structure. 
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Nano-based DDS for Posterior Segment Diseases
The complex anatomy of the eye presents a major challenge in the treatment of posterior segment eye diseases, hindering the effective delivery of medications. Conventional treatments, including topical eye drops and intravitreal injections, are limited by poor bioavailability and short residence time, necessitating frequent dosing to manage the disease. Intravitreal injections can also lead to serious ocular complications. Biodegradable nano-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) have emerged as a potential solution to these limitations, offering longer residence time in ocular tissues and better penetration through ocular barriers. Furthermore, the biodegradable polymers used to create these systems are nanosized, reducing the risk of toxicity and adverse reactions.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 May 2023
Topic Review
Indications and Contraindications of Buccal Fat Pad Usage
The buccal fat pad, also called the Bichat’s fat pad (BFP), is an encapsulated fat mass located in the cheek. This type of specialized fat mass can be used both as a pedicular or free graft in various surgeries and approaches. Due to its easy access from the oral cavity approach, it is commonly used for oroantral and palatal fistula closure. The BFP is used for multiple purposes in reconstructive and oncology surgery and also has its use in esthetic and facial contouring procedures. The amount, volume, and shape of the BFP are mostly associated with the scope of their usage. 
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Aug 2023
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