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Topic Review
Perceived Risk of COVID-19 and Employee Decision-Making
COVID-19 has negatively affected public health, crippled economies, and transformed social and business environments across the globe. The pandemic has intensified the precariousness of work and the challenge of managing employee performance. There is a convincing need for organizations to develop strong and supportive management and leadership systems, particularly for frontline workers given their atypical and straining work conditions. To do so, it is prudent for managers to continuously interact and engage with these employees to offer emotional support and encouragement, address any issues of concern, and demonstrate care for these workers and their families. 
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Hepatocellular Neoplasms
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a major global contributor of cancer death, usually arises in a background of chronic liver disease, as a result of molecular changes that deregulate important signal transduction pathways. Certain molecular changes of hepatocarcinogenesis are associated with clinicopathologic features and prognosis, suggesting that subclassification of HCC is practically useful. On the other hand, subclassification of hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs), a heterogenous group of neoplasms, has been well established on the basis of genotype–phenotype correlations. 
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Cognitive Ecology of Religion
Cognitive ecology of religion is an integrative approach to studying how religious beliefs covary with social and natural dynamics of the environment. This is done by incorporating a cognitive ecological perspective to cross-cultural god concepts. Religious beliefs are thought to be a byproduct of domain-specific cognitive modules that give rise to religious cognition. The cognitive biases leading to religious belief are constraints on perceptions of the environment, which is part and parcel of a cognitive ecological approach. This means that they not only shape religious beliefs, but they are determinants of how successfully cultural beliefs are transmitted. Furthermore, cognition and behavior are inextricably linked, so the consequences of cultural concepts are associated with behavioral outcomes (i.e., continued interactions with the environment). For religion, behaviors often take the form of rituals and are similarly executed as a consequence of beliefs. Because the religious beliefs distributed in a population are relevant to their behavioral strategies and fine-tuned by natural selection, cross-cultural representations of gods and their characteristics are hypothesized to address ecologically relevant challenges. In other words, religious beliefs are thought to frequently involve solutions, insofar as evolved cognitive equipment can build them, to social and natural environmental problems faced by a given population.
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry
The Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry, well known for containing the densest concentration of Jurassic dinosaur fossils ever found, is a paleontological site located near Cleveland, Utah, in the San Rafael Swell, a part of the geological layers known as the Morrison Formation. Well over 15,000 bones have been excavated from this Jurassic excavation site and there are many thousands more awaiting excavation and study. It was designated a National Natural Landmark in October 1965. All of these bones, belonging to different species, are found disarticulated and indistinctly mixed together. It has been hypothesised that this strong concentration of mixed fossilised bones is due to a "predator trap", but any kind of definitive scientific consensus hasn't been reached yet and debates still continue to the present day.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Multielectrode Array
Multielectrode arrays (MEAs) or microelectrode arrays are devices that contain multiple plates or shanks through which neural signals are obtained or delivered, essentially serving as neural interfaces that connect neurons to electronic circuitry. There are two general classes of MEAs: implantable MEAs, used in vivo, and non-implantable MEAs, used in vitro.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Secure Access Service Edge
Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) is a term coined by analyst firm Gartner, SASE simplifies wide-area networking (WAN) and security by delivering both as a cloud service directly to the source of connection (user, device, branch office, IoT device, edge computing location) rather than the enterprise data center. Security is based on identity, real-time context and enterprise security and compliance policies. An identity may be attached to anything from a person/user to a device, branch office, cloud service, application, IoT system, or an edge computing location. SASE is meant to be a simplified WAN and security solution for a mobile, global workplace that relies on cloud applications and data. The common solution of backhauling all WAN traffic over long distances to one or a few corporate data centers for security functions adds network latency when users and their cloud applications are globally dispersed, rather than on-premises. By targeting services to the edge at the connection source, SASE eliminates the latency caused by backhauling.
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Eight Immortals Metaverse
The metaverse has gained popularity recently in many areas including social media, healthcare, education and manufacturing. Here researchers describe a cultural heritage metaverse for eight immortals.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Static Stretching Exercises
The utility of flexibility as a standard component of physical fitness has recently been questioned, sparking a heated debate among scientists. Rsearchers conducted a narrative review of the existing knowledge and concluded that flexibility deserves to be further considered as a standard component of physical fitness. This is based on the findings that in addition to flexibility, long-term static stretching training induces positive effects on muscle strength, muscle power, and muscle hypertrophy, irrespective of age and sex. There are also indications that long-term static stretching training could mitigate the risk of injury. Furthermore, promising evidence shows that combining resistance training with static stretching exercises constitutes an effective approach benefiting muscle strength and hypertrophy more than resistance training alone. Overall, researchers would not support the recent suggestion that flexibility should be retired as a standard component of physical fitness and researchers would advocate for a continuous emphasis on the prescription of stretching exercises.
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Graffiti, Paintings and Other Modifications of Tree Bark
By the word ‘graffiti’ one usually indicates messages, scribbles, patterns, or drawings written, carved, or painted on different types of surfaces including walls, monuments, and tree bark. Consequently, a ‘graffitist’ is a person who creates graffiti. Graffiti has existed as long as human society but has become a public issue in recent decades, being often considered as a recurrent and unacceptable form of vandalism especially when the victims are trees. The entry reports the problem of graffiti on tree barks and reviews some methodologies proposed by urban forestry specialists to remove graffiti and other paintings from the trees without damaging the plant itself.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
The versatility of Ag-NPs and zinc oxide NPs (ZnO-NPs) in rendering themselves to many applications, including in sensors, renewable energies, environmental remediation, bio-therapeutic devices, clothing, antimicrobial is currently being explored.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Different Types of Region-Based Oral Cancer
Oral cancer is a type of head and neck cancer that affects the mouth, tongue, lips, and throat. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with an estimated 300,000 new cases diagnosed each year. The incidence of oral cancer varies widely between different regions of the world, with the highest rates being reported in South and Southeast Asia.
  • 1.1K
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Serine Integrases in Synthetic Biology
Serine integrases are emerging as one of the most powerful biological tools for biotechnology. With the fast development of synthetic biology, serine integrases have been used as one of the powerful genetic tools with their unique features of site-specific, orthogonality, irreversibility, high affinity, and high efficiency. Serine integrases are widely used in diverse ways, including genome engineering, biological part and genetic circuit design, and DNA assembly. Moreover, serine integrases also advance multidisciplinary research such as chemical engineering, materials science and engineering, and biomedical engineering.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Liminality as a Theoretical Tool in Historic Cities
The methods of urban revitalisation in historic cities may include several approaches, from mere preservation to physical intervention or a combination of both. Since Middle Eastern historic cities exist as a transitional phenomenon, spatial liminality is identified as an epistemological tool for their investigation. 
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Micro-Arc Oxidation in Titanium and Its Alloys
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely recognized as preferred materials for bone implants due to their superior mechanical properties. However, their natural surface bio-inertness can hinder effective tissue integration. To address this challenge, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) has emerged as an innovative electrochemical surface modification technique. Its benefits range from operational simplicity and cost-effectiveness to environmental compatibility and scalability. Furthermore, the distinctive MAO process yields a porous topography that bestows versatile functionalities for biological applications, encompassing osteogenesis, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures
Cell cultures are very important for testing materials and drugs, and in the examination of cell biology and special cell mechanisms. The most popular models of cell culture are two-dimensional (2D) as monolayers, but this does not mimic the natural cell environment. Cells are mostly deprived of cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix interactions. A much better in vitro model is three-dimensional (3D) culture. Because many cell lines have the ability to self-assemble, one 3D culturing method is to produce spheroids. There are several systems for culturing cells in spheroids, e.g., hanging drop, scaffolds and hydrogels, and these cultures have their applications in drug and nanoparticles testing, and disease modeling.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
ASPA Gene
aspartoacylase
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Prion Disease
Prion disease represents a group of conditions that affect the nervous system in humans and animals.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Protein-protein Interactions
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are involved in all aspects of cellular functions. The identification and characterisation of PPIs are essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate biological systems and for guiding drug design programs. PPIs can modify the kinetic properties of enzymes, form new binding sites, control the localisation, and change the specificity, among others. The spatial arrangement of protein complexes is determined by the composition of the amino acid of the proteins involved, their concentration, and the free energy of the complex. 
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Joint-Preserving Surgery
The concept of “joint-preservation” was introduced by Hanyu et al. in 1997. They started joint-preserving surgery to preserve the function of the MTP joints as they recognized its function as important for gait even in patients with RA.
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Polymerase-1 (PARP)-1 and Cancer
One of the critical functions of PARP-1 is the response to DNA damage, which plays a pivotal role in DNA repair in cancers. PARP-1 also has widespread functions that are essential for the survival and growth of cancer cells. It regulates oxidative stress in mitochondria through the regulation of superoxide and oxidation. PARP-1 is in charge of regulating mitosis, which is a crucial role in tumorigenesis and remodels histones and chromatin enzymes related to transcriptional regulation, causing alterations in epigenetic markers and chromatin structure. Given the significance of these processes, it can be understood that these processes in cancer cells are at the frontline of the pathogenetic changes required for cancer cell survival, and these contributions can result in malignant transformation. 
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Apr 2021
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