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Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Intrinsically Conducting Polymer Binders for Battery Electrodes
Binder materials are needed to keep particles of active masses in electrodes for batteries and supercapacitors together and to ensure their adherence to the current collector. Mostly synthetic polymeric materials are used. Because they are electrochemically inert, they do not add to the storage capacity of the electrode. Intrinsically conducting polymers ICPs such as polyaniline, polythiophene or polypyrrole can provide these functions also. They show electronic conduction because of mobile charge carriers generated in them by oxidation or reduction. In addition to providing the binder-function, they improve electronic conductance of the electrode mass because of their inherent conductivity and can also contribute to the charge storage capability of the electrode in the range of potential of the redox activity of ICPs in the used electrolyte solution. In most reports on the application of ICPs as component of conductive binders, their incorporation results in enhanced specific capacity and notable improvement of C-rate capability of electrodes. In addition, ICP binders provide partial or complete wrapping of grains of active electrode materials, which effectively inhibits the interaction with the electrolyte, suppressing side reactions and degradation of functional properties. 
  • 1.2K
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Development of Allergic Inflammation
Inflammation is an adaptive response to stimuli and conditions, such as infection, tissue damage, and cellular stress or malfunction. Regardless of the cause, inflammation likely evolved as an adaptive response to maintaining homeostasis. Many pathological and clinical burdens of allergic disease reflect the long-term consequences of chronic allergic inflammation at sites of persistent or repetitive exposure to allergens.
  • 1.2K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Practical Use of the (Observer)—Reporter—Interpreter—Manager—Expert ((O)RIME) Framework in Veterinary Clinical Teaching with a Clinical Example
This review explores the practical use of the (Observer)—Reporter—Interpreter—Manager—Expert ((O)RIME) model in the assessment of clinical reasoning skills and for the potential to provide effective feedback that can be used in clinical teaching of veterinary learners. For descriptive purposes, we will use the examples of bovine left displaced abomasum and apparently anestric cow. Bearing in mind that the primary purpose of effective clinical teaching is to prepare graduates for a successful career in clinical practice, all effort should be made to have veterinary learners, at graduation, achieve a minimum of Manager level competency in clinical encounters. Contrastingly, there is relatively scant literature concerning clinical teaching in veterinary medicine. There is even less literature available on strategies and frameworks for assessment that can be utilized in the different settings that the veterinary learners are exposed to during their education.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Protein Interactions with O-GlcNAc Cycling Enzymes in Cancer
The dynamic O-GlcNAc modification of intracellular proteins is an important nutrient sensor for integrating metabolic signals into vast networks of highly coordinated cellular activities. Dysregulation of the sole enzymes responsible for O-GlcNAc cycling, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), and the associated cellular O-GlcNAc profile is a common feature across nearly every cancer type.
  • 1.2K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Asian Migrant Brides in Japan
The increasing number of Asian migrant brides in Japan (Japanese: 嫁不足) marrying Japanese men is a phenomenon occurring in both rural and urban Japan . Since the mid 1980s, rural Japanese men have begun taking foreign Asian brides, from the Philippines , Sri Lanka, Thailand, China and South Korea , as a way of compensating for the reduced number of Japanese women of marriageable, childbearing age who are willing to marry rural Japanese men. The phenomenon later spread to urban parts of Japan as well. The phenomenon has created a new industry of foreign marriage brokering that uses both local governments and private organizations to facilitate the immigration of foreign brides. This is largely a result of an aging population in Japan where approximately 20% of the population is over the age of 65, which is exceptionally high, a fertility rate of only 1.3, and increased opportunities for women and increased costs in child care.
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Nov 2022
Topic Review
VRPN
VRPN (Virtual-Reality Peripheral Network) is a device-independent, network-based interface for accessing virtual reality peripherals in VR applications. It was originally designed and implemented by Russell M. Taylor II at the Department of Computer Science of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. VRPN was maintained and supported by Sensics while it was business. It is currently maintained by ReliaSolve and developed in collaboration with a productive community of contributors. It is described more fully at vrpn.org and in VRPN-VRST. The purpose of VRPN is to provide a unified interface to input devices, like motion trackers or joystick controllers. It also provides the following: The VRPN system consists of programming interfaces for both the client application and the hardware drivers and a server application that communicates with the hardware devices. The client interfaces are written in C++ but have been wrapped in C#, Python and Java. A typical application of VRPN is to encode and send 6DoF motion capture data through the network in real time.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Advancements in Noble Metal Nanoparticles-Based Point-of-Care Testing
Noble metal nanoparticles (NM NPs) have been used for POC testing for decades. The most known example might be the lateral flow assay (LFA, or test strip), where Au NPs are usually utilized as colorimetric labels owing to their outstanding optical properties. Over-the-counter pregnancy tests and the recent COVID-19 antigen rapid tests are representative examples of the lateral flow assays (LFA). Over the last couple of decades, engineered NM NPs have been extensively used for the point-of-care (POC) tests of various platforms beyond the LFA, despite most of them being in early stages of commercialization. This recent NM NPs-based POC testing techniques with innovative designs are discussed.
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Post-Translational Modifications
The healthy state is guaranteed by the fine-tuning of genes controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, and development, whose alteration induces cellular behavioral changes finally leading to cancer. A major challenge to the cell is to guarantee that proteins are made, folded, assembled and delivered to function properly, like and even more when referring to oncogenes and onco-suppressors products. Ubiquitination and ubiquitin-like modifications modulate the stability and control the activity of most of the proteins that manage cell cycle, immune responses, apoptosis, and senescence.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Navigation Safety for Ferries
Throughout the history of human development, sea transport has been widely exploited for the movement of passengers and cargo in many nations, especially in archipelagic countries. The sea passenger transport has gradually diminished over the past two decades, in part because of rapid developments in aviation and road transport, passengers continue to use cruises or ferries as the main means of transport for different purposes.
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Obesity and Immunometabolic Changes in Adipose Tissue
White adipose tissue (WAT) represents an endocrinologically and immunologically active tissue whose primary role is energy storage and homeostasis. Breast WAT is involved in the secretion of hormones and proinflammatory molecules that are associated with breast cancer development and progression.
  • 1.2K
  • 12 May 2023
Topic Review
Wood as Possible Renewable Material for Bone Implants
Bone fractures and bone defects affect millions of people every year. Metal implants for bone fracture fixation and autologous bone for defect reconstruction are used extensively in treatment of these pathologies. Simultaneously, alternative, sustainable, and biocompatible materials are being researched to improve existing practice. Wood as a biomaterial for bone repair has been considered.
  • 1.2K
  • 23 May 2023
Topic Review
Deep Learning in Water Leak Detection
The escalating global water usage and the increasing strain on major cities due to water shortages highlights the critical need for efficient water management practices. In water-stressed regions worldwide, significant water wastage is primarily attributed to leakages, inefficient use, and aging infrastructure. Undetected water leakages in buildings’ pipelines contribute to the water waste problem. 
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Nutrient-Sensing Receptors outside and inside Gastrointestinal System
Intestinal nutrient-sensing receptors act as a crosstalk between dietary components, the gut microbiota, and the regulation of immune, endocrinological, and neurological responses.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Recycling of Spent Li-Ion Batteries
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are a widely used energy storage technology as they possess high energy density and are characterized by the reversible intercalation/deintercalation of Li ions between electrodes. The rapid development of LIBs has led to increased production efficiency and lower costs for manufacturers, resulting in a growing demand for batteries and their application across various industries, particularly in different types of vehicles. In order to meet the demand for LIBs while minimizing climate-impacting emissions, the reuse, recycling, and repurposing of LIBs is a critical step toward achieving a sustainable battery economy.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Mutations and Health
A gene mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, such that the sequence differs from what is found in most people.  By changing a gene's instructions for making a protein, a mutation can cause the protein to malfunction or to be missing entirely. When a mutation alters a protein that plays a critical role in the body, it can disrupt normal development or cause a medical condition.
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Chestnut Gall Wasp and Chestnut
Castanea sativa is an important multipurpose species in Europe for nut and timber production as well as for its role in the landscape and in the forest ecosystem. This species has low tolerance to chestnut gall wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu), which is a pest that was accidentally introduced into Europe in early 2000 and devastated forest and orchard trees. Resistance to the gall wasp was found in the hybrid cultivar ‘Bouche de Bétizac’ (C. sativa × C. crenata) and studied by developing genetic linkage maps using a population derived from a cross between ‘Bouche de Bétizac’ and the susceptible cultivar ‘Madonna’ (C. sativa). The high-density genetic maps were constructed using double-digest restriction site-associated DNA-seq and simple sequence repeat markers. The map of ‘Bouche de Bétizac’ consisted of 1459 loci and spanned 809.6 cM; the map of ‘Madonna’ consisted of 1089 loci and spanned 753.3 cM. In both maps, 12 linkage groups were identified. A single major QTL was recognized on the ‘Bouche de Bétizac’ map, explaining up to 67–69% of the phenotypic variance of the resistance trait (Rdk1). The Rdk1 quantitative trait loci (QTL) region included 11 scaffolds and two candidate genes putatively involved in the resistance response were identified. This study will contribute to C. sativa breeding programs and to the study of Rdk1 genes.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Regenerative Medicine Bioconjugated Hydrogel Scaffolds
Materials used for regenerative medicine purposes pose a series of challenges in terms of biocompatibility, adaptability and functionality. A way to design functional and compatible materials that mimic soft tissue is to exploit synthetic hydrogels. To widen their activity scope, hydrogels can be coupled with molecular cues to promote tissue regeneration or trigger regeneration processes. Within this entry we asses the criteria to choose the design of a bioconjugated for regenerative medicine purposes, giving relevant examples from the current literature.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Pharmacogenomics
Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is the knowledge of diverse drug responses and effects in people, based on their genomic profiles.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Taccalonolides
Taccalonolides are a new class of microtube-stabilizing agents isolated from plants of the genus Tacca demonstrating effectiveness against drug-resistant tumors in cellular and animal models.
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Sleep Duration and Waking Activities
Optimal sleep duration is crucial as both short and long sleep duration are associated with physical and mental health problems. For example, sleep duration that is considered to be too short has been linked with an increased risk of obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and type II diabetes, whereas sleep duration that is too long has been associated with an increased risk of poor health-related quality of life, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and stroke.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Jun 2021
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