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Topic Review
Bryce Canyon National Park
Bryce Canyon National Park (/braɪs/) is an American national park located in southwestern Utah. The major feature of the park is Bryce Canyon, which despite its name, is not a canyon, but a collection of giant natural amphitheaters along the eastern side of the Paunsaugunt Plateau. Bryce is distinctive due to geological structures called hoodoos, formed by frost weathering and stream erosion of the river and lake bed sedimentary rocks. The red, orange, and white colors of the rocks provide spectacular views for park visitors. Bryce Canyon National Park is much smaller, and sits at a much higher elevation than nearby Zion National Park. The rim at Bryce varies from 8,000 to 9,000 feet (2,400 to 2,700 m). The Bryce Canyon area was settled by Mormon pioneers in the 1850s and was named after Ebenezer Bryce, who homesteaded in the area in 1874. The area around Bryce Canyon was originally designated as a national monument by President Warren G. Harding in 1923 and was redesignated as a national park by Congress in 1928. The park covers 35,835 acres (55.992 sq mi; 14,502 ha; 145.02 km2) and receives substantially fewer visitors than Zion National Park (nearly 4.3 million in 2016) or Grand Canyon National Park (nearly 6 million in 2016), largely due to Bryce's more remote location. In 2016, Bryce Canyon received 2,365,110 recreational visitors, representing an increase of 35% from the prior year.
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Production and Application of Cellulose Nanomaterials
Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) have emerged recently as an important group of sustainable bio-based nanomaterials (NMs) with potential applications in multiple sectors, including the food, food packaging, and biomedical fields. The widening of these applications leads to increased human oral exposure to these NMs and, potentially, to adverse health outcomes. Presently, the potential hazards regarding oral exposure to CNMs are insufficiently characterised. There is a need to understand and manage the potential adverse effects that might result from the ingestion of CNMs before products using CNMs reach commercialisation.
  • 1.2K
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Properties of Clays
 The basic component of clay–cement slurries is clays, which give specific properties to viscoplastic bodies. Since there is a whole range of clays with different degrees of crystallization, their properties are variable. This is particularly important because in technological practice, clays found in the area of the hydrotechnical work performed are usually used.
  • 1.2K
  • 03 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Beneficial Effects of Thymoquinone against COVID-19
In order to overcome the serious complications associated with COVID-19 and to prevent SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host cell, it is necessary to repurpose drugs with a broad medicinal application as soon as they become available. It is in this pattern that Nigella sativa seeds manifest their extensive therapeutic effects, which have been reported to be particularly effective in the treatment of skin diseases, jaundice, and gastrointestinal problems. One important component of these seeds is thymoquinone (TQ), which has a wide range of beneficial properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as antibacterial and parasitic properties, in addition to anticarcinogenic, antiallergic, and antiviral properties.
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Bioapplications of Amphiphilic Janus Dendrimers
Amphiphilic Janus dendrimers (JDs) can be defined as dendritic macromolecules made of two dendrons with opposite polarities, which either differ from each other by their terminal groups, or their structures differ entirely. Amphiphilic JDs are named following a more or less general scheme that encompass in this order, the lipophilic dendrons, the core if exists, and the hydrophilic dendrons. The unique architectures of amphiphilic Janus dendrimers, with multifunctional terminal groups, different structures of branches in a single molecule (beside the capacity of self-assembly in aqueous media forming dendrimersomes, which in turn benefit from properties like predictable size and thickness, stability and biocompatibility), constitute premises for a wide range of biomedical applications where conventional dendrimers have failed.
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Use of Green Antimicrobials in Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are one of the most serious and devastating complications of diabetes and account for a significant decrease in quality of life and costly healthcare expenses worldwide. This condition affects around 15% of diabetic patients and is one of the leading causes of lower limb amputations. DFUs generally present poor clinical outcomes, mainly due to the impaired healing process and the elevated risk of microbial infections which leads to tissue damage. Antimicrobial resistance poses a rising threat to global health, thus hampering DFU treatment and care. Faced with this reality, it is pivotal to find greener and less environmentally impactful alternatives for fighting these resistant microbes. Antimicrobial peptides are small molecules that play a crucial role in the innate immune system of the host and can be found in nature. Some of these molecules have shown broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and wound-healing activity, making them good potential therapeutic compounds to treat DFUs. 
  • 1.2K
  • 03 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Treatment of Bacterial Infections in T2DM Patients
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the metabolic disease with the highest morbidity rates worldwide. The condition is characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and chronic inflammation, among other detrimental conditions. These decrease the efficiency of the immune system, leading to an increase in the susceptibility to bacterial infections. Maintaining an optimal blood glucose level is crucial in relation to the treatment of T2DM, because if the level of this carbohydrate is lowered, the risk of infections can be reduced.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Copper-Coordinated Thiazoles and Benzothiazoles as Antimicrobial Agents
Thiazole and benzothiazole are present in different structures with interesting biological effects and are used to develop new effective antimicrobial agents. Moreover, nitrogen atoms that are present in this heterocycle allow for coordination with various metals, forming metal complexes that enhance the biological activity of organic ligands that are often used as commercial drugs.
  • 1.2K
  • 09 May 2023
Topic Review
Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Catalysts
The Fischer–Tropsch process is considered one of the most promising eco-friendly routes for obtaining synthetic motor fuels. Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is a heterogeneous catalytic process in which a synthesis gas (CO/H2) transforms into a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons, mainly linear alkanes. An important research direction has been to increase the selectivity of the process for the diesel fraction. Diesel fuel synthesized via the Fischer–Tropsch method has a number of advantages over conventional fuel, including the high cetane number, the low content of aromatic, and the practically absent sulfur and nitrogen impurities. One of the possible ways to obtain a high yield of diesel fuel via the Fischer–Tropsch process is the development of selective catalysts.
  • 1.2K
  • 30 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Thermoelectric Materials
Solid-state energy conversion has been established as one of the most promising solutions to address the issues related to conventional energy generation. Thermoelectric materials allow direct energy conversion without moving parts and being deprived of greenhouse gases emission, employing lightweight and quiet devices.
  • 1.2K
  • 14 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Risk Factors for Systemic Sclerosis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by immune dysregulation and progressive fibrosis, typically affecting the skin, with variable internal organ involvement. Interstitial lung disease (ILD), with a prevalence between 35 and 75%, is the leading cause of death in patients with SSc, indicating that all newly diagnosed patients should be screened for this complication. Some patients with SSc-ILD experience a progressive phenotype, which is characterized by worsening fibrosis on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), a decline in lung function, and premature mortality. To assess progression and guide therapeutic decisions, regular monitoring is essential and should include pulmonary function testing (PFT), symptom assessment, and repeat HRCT imaging when indicated. Multidisciplinary discussion allows a comprehensive evaluation of the available information and its consequences for management. There has been a shift in the approach to managing SSc-ILD, which includes the addition of targeted biologic and antifibrotic therapies to standard immunosuppressive therapy (particularly mycophenolate mofetil or cyclophosphamide), with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and lung transplantation reserved for refractory cases.
  • 1.2K
  • 06 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Stars
Stars are massive and luminous spheres of hot plasma. A plasma is a gas that's so hot that the nuclei and the electrons of the atoms have separated, so it's essentially a hot "soup" that contains positive ions (atom nuclei) and electrons. Stars typically consist of 70-75% hydrogen, about 25% helium and some heavier trace elements. The composition can vary significantly, mainly depending on the age of the star and whether it was born in the early times of our universe or more recently. The Sun, for example, is composed of 74.9% hydrogen and 23.8% helium, leaving less than 2% for all other elements heavier than helium. During most of their lifespan stars generate radiant energy by fusing hydrogen into helium, a process that converts mass into energy and releases energy in the form of radiation of various wavelengths. In order to maintain nuclear fusion in their cores, stars have core temperatures ranging from 4 million to 40 million degrees Kelvin. 
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Mar 2025
Topic Review
Physical Methods Used to Inactivate Bacteriophages
Bacteriophage-based applications have a renaissance today, increasingly marking their use in industry, medicine, food processing, biotechnology, and more. However, phages are considered resistant to various harsh environmental conditions; besides, they are characterized by high intra-group variability. Phage-related contaminations may therefore pose new challenges in the future due to the wider use of phages in industry and health care. The risk of bacteriophage infection can be reduced by several techniques, including sterilization by physical agents.
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Mar 2023
Topic Review
PTCH1 Gene
patched 1
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Micronutrients and DHA during Pregnancy
 First randomized trial of multiple micronutrients and DHA in pregnant women during second and third trimester. Supplementation complemented dietary intake and increased maternal DHA. Vitamin D levels increased with supplementation but decreased in controls.  Results are clinically relevant as DHA is vital for fetal neurodevelopment.
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Lujan Syndrome
Lujan syndrome is a condition characterized by intellectual disability, behavioral problems, and certain physical features. It occurs almost exclusively in males.
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
GH1 Gene
Growth hormone 1
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Nonobstructive Azoospermia
Hormonal stimulation of spermatogenesis prior to surgery has been tested by some authors to maximize the sperm retrieval yield in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia. Although the rationale of such an approach is theoretically sound, studies have provided conflicting results, and there are unmet questions that need to be addressed. In the study, we reviewed the current knowledge about the hormonal control of spermatogenesis, the relationship between presurgical serum hormones levels and sperm retrieval rates, and the results of studies investigating the effect of hormonal treatments prior to microdissection testicular sperm extraction.
  • 1.2K
  • 05 Feb 2021
Topic Review
IAQ and Façade–Ventilation Systems
Poor indoor air quality affects the health of the occupants of a given structure or building. It reduces the effectiveness of learning and work efficiency. Among many pollutants, PM 2.5 and 10 dusts are extremely important. They can be eliminated using mechanical ventilation equipped with filters. Façade ventilation devices are used as a way to improve indoor air quality (IAQ) in existing buildings. For their analysis, researchers used carbon dioxide as a tracer gas. They have shown that façade ventilation devices are an effective way to improve IAQ, but require further analysis due to the sensitivity of façade ventilation devices to the effects of wind and outdoor temperature. In addition, legal regulations in some countries require verification in order to enable the use of this type of solution as a way to improve IAQ in an era characterised by the effort to transform buildings into passive houses (standard for energy efficiency in a building). 
  • 1.2K
  • 04 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Penicillium polinicum and Helianthus tuberosus
During preservation, Jerusalem artichoke (JA) tubers are subjected to deterioration by mold fungi under storage, which signifies a serious problem. A new blue mold (Penicillium polonium) was recorded for the first time on JA tubers. Penicillium mold was isolated, identified (morphologically, and molecularly), and deposited in GenBank; (MW041259). The fungus has a multi-lytic capacity, facilitated by various enzymes capable of severely destroying the tuber components. An economic oil-based procedure was applied for preserving and retaining the nutritive value of JA tubers under storage conditions. Caraway and clove essential oils, at a concentration of 2%, were selected based on their strong antifungal actions. JA tubers were treated with individual oils under storage, kept between peat moss layers, and stored at room temperature. Tubers treated with both oils exhibited lower blue mold severity, sprouting and weight loss, and higher levels of carbohydrates, inulin, and protein contents accompanied by increased levels of defense-related phytochemicals (total phenols, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase). Caraway was superior, but the results endorse the use of both essential oils for the preservation of JA tubers at room temperature, as an economic and eco-safe storage technique against the new blue mold.
  • 1.2K
  • 18 Mar 2021
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