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Topic Review
Monitor and Evaluate Calves’ Health and Welfare
Precision livestock farming (PLF) research is rapidly increasing and has improved farmers’ quality of life, animal welfare, and production efficiency. Automatic milk feeding systems (AMFS) and 3D accelerometers have been the most extensively used technologies in dairy calves.
  • 1.2K
  • 04 Apr 2023
Topic Review
DC-DC Converter Topologies for LEV Charging
Design and analysis of power electronic converters is an integral aspect of light electric vehicle (LEV) chargers. In this respect, researchers have proposed novel DC-DC converter topologies with optimized active and passive component count. Isolated DC-DC converters are preferred for chargers with higher power ratings. They provide galvanic isolation between the input and output stage by using a high frequency transformer.
  • 1.2K
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
Sex Differences in Bone Health and Healing
Skeletal tissue displays sex differences in morphology and physiological function, which can have an impact on bone healing [25]. For example, men tend to have stronger and larger bones compared to women, which can make them more resilient to injury and less prone to fractures. Moreover, in females, the risk of developing osteoporosis sharply increases after menopause, while the occurrence of osteoporosis in men progressively rises with age, and this represents a fundamental issue.
  • 1.2K
  • 04 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable Human Resources Management and Job Performance
Organizations are encouraged to integrate sustainability into their HRM practices to enhance their attractiveness as employers to prospective employees and to motivate employees to excel, which allows them to recognize the contribution they make to society and the lasting impact they create. Establishing a trusting relationship between employees and leaders emerges as a crucial factor when organizations opt to implement sustainable HRM practices across diverse contexts. 
  • 1.2K
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Nemesis
Nemesis is a hypothesized companion object orbiting the Sun, motivated by the claim of a terrestrial extinction periodicity. Astronomer Percival Lowell in 1915 thought that some glitches in the orbit of Uranus might be caused by what he dubbed Planet X, and led to the discovery of Pluto in 1930. The existence of the object beyond Pluto may be able to explain the architecture of the Edgeworth–Kuiper Belt and a secular perihelion precession of Saturn. The Nemesis hypothesis has also been used to explain the measurements of the ages of 155 lunar spherules from the Apollo 14 site.
  • 1.2K
  • 14 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Bretton Woods Agreement
The Bretton Woods Agreement refers to the international monetary and financial framework established during the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, held in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, in July 1944. The agreement aimed to regulate the international monetary and financial order post-World War II, establishing key institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. The Bretton Woods system promoted exchange rate stability, international trade, and economic cooperation. It anchored the U.S. dollar as the central reserve currency, tied to gold, and facilitated the post-war reconstruction of Europe and the economic stabilization of war-torn nations.
  • 1.2K
  • 16 Oct 2025
Topic Review
Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate and Myricetin against SARS-CoV-2 Infection
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the deadliest virus since the 1918 influenza virus, has posed a serious threat to global health security. Tremendous research efforts have been undertaken, aiming at controlling and/or treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. The exploration of non-toxic and cost-effective dietary components, such as epigallocatechin 3-gallate and myricetin, for health improvement and disease treatment has recently attracted substantial research attention.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Salt-Tolerant Bacterial Inoculations on Rice
Salt-tolerant Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been reported to possess various salt-tolerant mechanisms, namely through the production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) and the formation of a biofilm, which have been proven to restrict Na+ uptake under saline soil conditions.
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is divided to Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) comprising about 85% of lung cancer cases, and small cell lung cancer (15% of lung cancer cases). Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has several subtypes: a. Adenocarcinoma, b. Squamous cell carcinoma, c. Large cell carcinoma, or d. mixed histology. Treatment of localized NSCLC is surgical resection, stereotactic ablative radiation therapy, or combination of chemotherapy and radiation (chemoradiation). Treatment of advanced / metastatic disease includes targeted therapies, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. 
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Retina Regeneration
The retina is a complex and fragile photosensitive part of the central nervous system which is prone to degenerative diseases leading to permanent vision loss. Retina regeneration refers to the restoration of vision by replacement of the degenerating cells in the retina.
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Apr 2021
Topic Review
JAK inhibitors and immune system
The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway is aberrantly activated in many malignancies. Inhibition of this pathway via JAK inhibitors (JAKinibs) is therefore an attractive therapeutic strategy underlined by Ruxolitinib (JAK1/2 inhibitor) being approved for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms. As a consequence of the crucial role of the JAK-STAT pathway in the regulation of immune responses, inhibition of JAKs suppresses the immune system. This review article provides a thorough overview of the current knowledge on JAKinibs’ effects on immune cells in the context of hematological malignancies. We also discuss the potential use of JAKinibs for the treatment of diseases in which lymphocytes are the source of the malignancy.
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Nuclear Import of EBV Proteins
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a human pathogen that infects most of the world’s population and is associated with several well-known malignancies. Within the nucleus, the replicated viral DNA is packaged into capsids, which subsequently egress from the nucleus into the cytoplasm for tegumentation and final envelopment. There is increasing evidence that viral lytic gene expression or replication contributes to the pathogenesis of EBV. Various EBV lytic proteins regulate and modulate the nuclear envelope structure in different ways, especially the viral BGLF4 kinase and the nuclear egress complex BFRF1/BFRF2. 
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Carbon Dioxide Conversion
Managing the concentration of atmospheric CO2 requires a multifaceted engineering strategy, which remains a highly challenging task. Reducing atmospheric CO2 (CO2R) by converting it to value-added chemicals in a carbon neutral footprint manner must be the ultimate goal. The latest progress in CO2R through either abiotic (artificial catalysts) or biotic (natural enzymes) processes is reviewed herein. Abiotic CO2R can be conducted in the aqueous phase that usually leads to the formation of a mixture of CO, formic acid, and hydrogen. By contrast, a wide spectrum of hydrocarbon species is often observed by abiotic CO2R in the gaseous phase. On the other hand, biotic CO2R is often conducted in the aqueous phase and a wide spectrum of value-added chemicals are obtained. Key to the success of the abiotic process is understanding the surface chemistry of catalysts, which significantly governs the reactivity and selectivity of CO2R. However, in biotic CO2R, operation conditions and reactor design are crucial to reaching a neutral carbon footprint. Future research needs to look toward neutral or even negative carbon footprint CO2R processes. Having a deep insight into the scientific and technological aspect of both abiotic and biotic CO2R would advance in designing efficient catalysts and microalgae farming systems. Integrating the abiotic and biotic CO2R such as microbial fuel cells further diversifies the spectrum of CO2R.
  • 1.2K
  • 12 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Dietary Polyphenols to Target Alzheimer’s Disease
Dietary polyphenols may provide various levels of protection for neuronal health.  This entry extensively examines this topic tabulating the in vivo and in vitro studies that have been performed, the methods used, the doses and duration of treatments, and most importantly the outcomes.  The entry can be particularly useful as a reference and for those embarking on studies to further exploit dietary polyphenols for protection against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease.
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Telehealth
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the implementation of policies that mandate various restrictions on daily life, including social distancing, the closure of public services and schools, and movement limitations. Even though these restrictive measures decreased the COVID-19 spread, they may have detrimental effects on various lifestyle components such as physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, and dietary habits, influencing the maintenance of weight and contributing to obesity among children and adolescents. The coexistence of childhood obesity and COVID-19 and changes in the bioecological environment have put children and adolescents at increased risk for developing obesity and exacerbating the severity of this disorder. The use of telehealth technology is a modern approach useful for the delivery of health care services by health care professionals, where distance is a critical factor. Telehealth is effective in promoting increased self-monitoring and behavioral change, and provides the opportunity to perform online nutritional support and exercise training programs to promote a healthy lifestyle and reduce sedentary behaviors in children and adolescents. Telehealth, including tele-exercise and tele-nutrition, has the potential to address many of the key challenges in providing health services, including in patients with obesity during the COVID-19 outbreak. This narrative review aims to describe the role of telehealth as an opportunity in the management of pediatric obesity in the COVID-19 era, and to deliver nutrition and exercise programs for the maintenance of health  
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Biomedical Effects of Cinnamon
Cinnamon, appreciated for centuries for its peculiar flavor and aroma, is the dried brown colored inner bark of an evergreen tree of the laurel family. Cinnamon is used by people all over the world for cooking (spice and flavoring agent), in perfumes industry , and  in medicinal products.
  • 1.2K
  • 03 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Hotspots and Frontiers of Urban Floods
Current research shows that the number of papers published in the field of urban flooding is generally increasing year by year, and the research focus has shifted from exploring hydrological processes to adopting advanced management measures to solve urban flooding problems. 
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Wood Ash Based Treatment of Anaerobic Digestate
The anaerobic digestion (AD) was first applied to deal with the sewage sludge (SS) produced during the primary and secondary treatment of wastewater, but its use to deal with agro-waste and the MSW with around 70% of organic material has been subsequently encouraged.
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Tracing the Glycine from Quantum Chemical Simulations
Glycine (Gly), NH2CH2COOH, is the simplest amino acid. Although it has not been directly detected in the interstellar gas-phase medium, it has been identified in comets and meteorites, and its synthesis in these environments has been simulated in terrestrial laboratory experiments. Likewise, condensation of Gly to form peptides in scenarios resembling those present in a primordial Earth has been demonstrated experimentally. Thus, Gly is a paradigmatic system for biomolecular building blocks to investigate how they can be synthesized in astrophysical environments, transported and delivered by fragments of asteroids (meteorites, once they land on Earth) and comets (interplanetary dust particles that land on Earth) to the primitive Earth, and there react to form biopolymers as a step towards the emergence of life. 
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Renewable Energy Decision Criteria on Green Consumer Values
Renewable energy consumption is the call by United Nation Sustainable Development Goals, and sustainable consumption is the only solution for the future. An awareness towards the environment for the sustainable development is reaching implementation at various levels through channels with government promotions. RESs are accepted on a global scale, with common consensus being the requirement for future generations. The current generation is more aware and equipped with technological advancements, which can reach the vision of sustainability.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Jul 2022
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