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Topic Review
Microalgal Lipid Extracts
Noncommunicable diseases (NCD) and age-associated diseases (AAD) are some of the gravest health concerns worldwide, accounting for up to 70% of total deaths globally. NCD and AAD, such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, are associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and poor dietary habits. Modulation of the inflammatory status through dietary components is a very appellative approach to fight these diseases and is supported by increasing evidence of natural and dietary components with strong anti-inflammatory activities. The consumption of bioactive lipids has a positive impact on preventing chronic inflammation and consequently NCD and AAD. Thus, new sources of bioactive lipids have been sought out. Microalgae are rich sources of bioactive lipids such as omega-6 and -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and polar lipids with associated anti-inflammatory activity. PUFAs are enzymatically and non-enzymatically catalyzed to oxylipins and have a significant role in anti and pro-resolving inflammatory responses. Therefore, a large and rapidly growing body of research has been conducted in vivo and in vitro, investigating the potential anti-inflammatory activities of microalgae lipids. The anti-inflammatory potential of microalgae lipids and their possible use to prevent or mitigate chronic inflammation are summarized. 
  • 1.2K
  • 16 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Molecular and Cellular Functions of S100A10
S100A10 (p11, annexin II light chain, calpactin light chain) is a multifunctional protein with a wide range of physiological activity. S100A10 is unique among the S100 family members of proteins since it does not bind to Ca2+, despite its sequence and structural similarity. 
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Silver Consumers in Short-Form Video Platforms
With the aging of the population and the popularization of digital technology, the proportion of the silver group (people over the age of 50) with money and leisure to use short-form video (SFV) e-commerce will increase accordingly. SFV companies should pay more attention to the size and potential of the silver market, and help silver groups to cross the digital divide and remove barriers to the use of SFV e-commerce platforms.
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Deep Learning in Predicting Aging-Related Diseases
Aging refers to progressive physiological changes in a cell, an organ, or the whole body of an individual, over time. Aging-related diseases are highly prevalent and could impact an individual’s physical health. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) methods have been used to predict aging-related diseases and issues, aiding clinical providers in decision-making based on patient’s medical records. Deep learning (DL), as one of the most recent generations of AI technologies, has embraced rapid progress in the early prediction and classification of aging-related issues.
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Exosomes in Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and debilitating age-related joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degeneration, synovial membrane inflammation, osteophyte formation, as well as subchondral bone sclerosis. OA drugs at present are mainly palliative and do not halt or reverse disease progression. Currently, no disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs) are available and total joint arthroplasty remains a last resort. Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a diameter ranging between 30 and 150 nm, and a density of 1.13–1.19 g/mL. These extracellular membrane-bound vesicles are able to work as cell-specific cargoes, which contain complex signaling molecules such as lipids, proteins, metabolites, nucleic acids, and cytosolic and cell-surface proteins.
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main phytocannabinoid found in plants of the Cannabis genus. Although THC has exactly the same chemical formula as cannabidiol (CBD) (i.e., C21H30O2), there is a slight difference in their atomic arrangement in that THC contains a cyclic ring, whereas CBD contains a hydroxyl group. THC is considered the main psychotropic constituent of cannabis, acting as a partial agonist at cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and type 1 (CB2) receptors of the endocannabinoid system.
  • 1.2K
  • 16 Mar 2022
Topic Review
The Main Protease of SARS-CoV-2 and its inhibitors
Mpro, also known as 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), is a 33.8 kDa, three-domain cysteine protease, essential for proteolytic maturation and viral replication of coronaviruses. This enzyme is an excellent target for a potential drug, as it is essential for viral replication and has no closely related homologues in humans, making its inhibitors unlikely to be toxic. 
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Forward and Reverse Combustion
In situ combustion or fire flooding is a promising enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique designed to produce heavy oils and bitumen. This method involves the in-place heating and combustion of hydrocarbons, resulting in reduced viscosity and increased mobility for improved flow toward the production wellbore. Despite its potential, widespread commercial implementation of in situ combustion has been hindered due to technical and economic challenges like inadequate project design and improper reservoir selection.
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Sep 2023
Topic Review
OpenMAX
OpenMAX (Open Media Acceleration), often shortened as "OMX", is a non-proprietary and royalty-free cross-platform set of C-language programming interfaces. It provides abstractions for routines that are especially useful for processing of audio, video, and still images. It is intended for low power and embedded system devices (including smartphones, game consoles, digital media players, and set-top boxes) that need to efficiently process large amounts of multimedia data in predictable ways, such as video codecs, graphics libraries, and other functions for video, image, audio, voice and speech. OpenMAX provides three layers of interfaces: application layer (AL), integration layer (IL) and development layer (DL). OpenMAX is managed by the non-profit technology consortium Khronos Group.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
The Offshore Wind Farms Investigations Using Machine Learning
The offshore wind energy sector continues to make substantial progress, driven by the urgent need for renewable energy, climate change mitigation strategies, and the ambitious zero-emission objectives set by governments and local communities. Key drivers of this progress include scaling up offshore wind turbine dimensions to boost energy output, improving the efficiency of existing systems, addressing environmental concerns associated with these installations, exploring deeper waters for turbine deployment in areas with optimal wind conditions, and pursuing the innovation of floating offshore turbines. These challenges are at the forefront of efforts to advance the development, installation, operation, and maintenance of offshore wind energy systems.
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome
Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of connective tissue disorders which manifest with hyperextensibility of joints and skin, and general tissue fragility. While not a major criterion for clinical diagnosis, pain is a frequently endorsed symptom across subtypes of EDS. Similarly, in painful conditions, quality of life is known to be diminished. As such, EDS and related diagnostic heterogeneity is reviewed, and quality of life correlates of pain in pediatric samples are discussed. 
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Oncolytic Viruses in Controlled Trials
Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising antitumor therapeutic strategy. It is based on the ability of viruses to selectively kill cancer cells and induce host antitumor immune responses. However, the clinical outcomes of oncolytic viruses (OVs) vary widely. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to illustrate the efficacy and safety of oncolytic viruses. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMBASE databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to January 31, 2020. The data for objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and adverse events (AEs) were independently extracted by two investigators from 11 studies that met the inclusion criteria. In subgroup analyses, the objective response rate benefit was observed in patients treated with oncolytic DNA viruses (odds ratio (OR) = 4.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.96–8.33; p = 0.0002), but not in those treated with oncolytic RNA viruses (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.66–1.52, p = 0.99). Moreover, the intratumoral injection arm yielded a statistically significant improvement (OR = 4.05, 95% CI: 1.96–8.33, p = 0.0002), but no such improvement was observed for the intravenous injection arm (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.66–1.52, p = 0.99). Among the five OVs investigated in RCTs, only talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) effectively prolonged the OS of patients (hazard ratio (HR), 0.79; 95% CI: 0.63–0.99; p = 0.04). None of the oncolytic virotherapies improved the PFS (HR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.85–1.19, p = 0.96). Notably, the pooled rate of severe AEs (grade ≥3) was higher for the oncolytic virotherapy group (39%) compared with the control group (27%) (risk difference (RD), 12%; risk ratio (RR), 1.44; 95% CI: 1.17–1.78; p = 0.0006). This review offers a reference for fundamental research and clinical treatment of oncolytic viruses. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to verify these results.
  • 1.2K
  • 14 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Peretinoin
Peretinoin, an retinoid acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A and its related analogues (termed retinoids) has been suggested as a promising chemotherapeutic agent in cancer treatment. The synthetic oral retinoid peretinoin is the only agent for the secondary chemoprevention of HCC after curative therapy that is currently well applied into clinical development.
  • 1.2K
  • 12 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Extracellular Vesicles in Melanoma
Malignant melanoma, one of the most aggressive human malignancies, is responsible for 80% of skin cancer deaths. Whilst early detection of disease progression or metastasis can improve patient survival, this remains a challenge due to the lack of reliable biomarkers. Importantly, these clinical challenges are not unique to humans, as melanoma affects many other species, including companion animals, such as the dog and horse. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny nanoparticles involved in cell-to-cell communication. As such, they may be valuable biomarkers in cancer and may address some clinical challenges in the management melanoma. 
  • 1.2K
  • 26 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Gut Microbiota Alteration and HCV
The gut–liver-axis is a bidirectional coordination between the gut, including microbial residents, the gut microbiota, from one side and the liver on the other side. Any disturbance in this crosstalk may lead to a disease status that impacts the functionality of both the gut and the liver. A major cause of liver disorders is hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection that has been illustrated to be associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis at different stages of the disease progression. This dysbiosis may start a cycle of inflammation and metabolic disturbance that impacts the gut and liver health and contributes to the disease progression. This review discusses the latest literature addressing this interplay between the gut microbiota and the liver in HCV infection from both directions. Additionally, we highlight the contribution of gut microbiota to the metabolism of antivirals used in HCV treatment regimens and the impact of these medications on the microbiota composition.
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Cancer Treatment-Induced Accelerated Aging
There is a growing concern about accelerated aging among the rapidly increasing number of cancer survivors. Clinically, “accelerated aging” phenotypes in cancer survivors include premature mortality and comorbidities – secondary cancers, frailty, chronic organ dysfunction, and cognitive impairment which can impact long-term health and quality of life in cancer survivors.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
DNA Damage Response and Ferroptosis
Ferroptosis is a novel form of iron-dependent cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation. While the importance and disease relevance of ferroptosis are gaining recognition, much remains unknown about its interaction with other biological processes and pathways. Recently, several studies have identified intricate and complicated interplay between ferroptosis, ionizing radiation (IR), ATM (ataxia–telangiectasia mutated)/ATR (ATM and Rad3-related), and tumor suppressor p53, which signifies the participation of the DNA damage response (DDR) in iron-related cell death. DDR is an evolutionarily conserved response triggered by various DNA insults to attenuate proliferation, enable DNA repairs, and dispose of cells with damaged DNA to maintain genome integrity. Deficiency in proper DDR in many genetic disorders or tumors also highlights the importance of this pathway. 
  • 1.2K
  • 04 Aug 2021
Topic Review
ZnO Binary and Ternary Composites
ZnO is a promising anode candidate for LIBs owing to its high theoretical capacity (978 mAh g−1). However, because of its limitations, such as its slow chemical reaction kinetics, rapid capacity fading, and poor rate capability, composites of ZnO must be formed with other materials. The highlighted studies on ZnO-based binary and ternary composites as anode for LIBs with different synthesis methods are summarized.
  • 1.2K
  • 16 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Nonribosomal Peptide and Polyketide Against Human Pathogens
Antibiotics are majorly important molecules for human health. Following the golden age of antibiotic discovery, a period of decline ensued, characterised by the rediscovery of the same molecules. At the same time, new culture techniques and high-throughput sequencing enabled the discovery of new microorganisms that represent a potential source of interesting new antimicrobial substances to explore. 
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Clinical and Histopathological Features of Scleroderma-like Disorders
Scleroderma-like disorders include a set of entities involving cutis, subcutis and, sometimes, even muscular tissue, caused by several pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for different clinical–pathological pictures. The absence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), Raynaud’s phenomenon and capillaroscopic anomalies constitutes an important element of differential diagnosis with systemic sclerosis.
  • 1.2K
  • 03 Dec 2021
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