Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Carbon Nanoparticles
Currently, carbon nanoparticles play a large role as carriers of various types of drugs, and also have applications in other fields of medicine, e.g., in tissue engineering, where they are used to reconstruct bone tissue. They also contribute to the early detection of cancer cells, and can act as markers in imaging diagnostics. Their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties are also known. This feature is particularly important in dental implantology, where various types of bacterial infections and implant rejection often occur. The search for newer and more effective treatments may lead to future use of nanoparticles on a large scale.
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
3D Printing in Pharmaceutical Application
Advances in three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques and the development of tailored biomaterials have facilitated the precise fabrication of biological components and complex 3D geometrics over the past few decades. Moreover, the notable growth of 3D printing has facilitated pharmaceutical applications, enabling the development of customized drug screening and drug delivery systems for individual patients, breaking away from conventional approaches that primarily rely on transgenic animal experiments and mass production.
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Portal Vein Thrombosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer worldwide, and the fastest increasing cause of cancer mortality in the United States. Its propensity for vascular invasion leads to the presence of portal vein tumor thrombus in up to half of patients.
  • 1.2K
  • 10 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Bitterling (Rhodeus amarus) Larvae and Fry
European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus Bloch) and Rhodeus meridionalis belong to the group of ostrakophilous fish. The embryonic and larval development of the fish in this reproductive group until the time of the yolk sac resorption takes place in the gill cavity of river mussels (Anodonta sp. or Unio sp.)
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure due to increased pulmonary vascular resistance, secondary to sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction and excessive obliterative pulmonary vascular remodeling. Work over the last decade has led to the identification of a critical role for metabolic reprogramming in the PAH pathogenesis. It is becoming clear that in addition to its role in ATP generation, the mitochondrion is an important organelle that regulates complex and integrative metabolic- and signal transduction pathways.
  • 1.2K
  • 16 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Effects of Sunflower Phenolamides on Infected Bumblebees
Bees may forage on specific floral resources to face parasite infection. Such natural resources are comparable to ‘natural pharmacies’ and may be favoured in bee conservation strategies. Consumption of sunflower pollen, despite being detrimental for larval development, has been recently shown to reduce the load of a widespread bumble bee gut parasite in the common eastern bumble bee. Although the underlying mechanisms remain unknown, it has been suggested that sunflower phenolamides—a family of molecules found in most flowering plants—may be responsible for such a reduction in parasite load. 
  • 1.2K
  • 06 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Integrated Off-Site Construction Design Process
Off-site construction (OSC) offers a promising means to improve the efficiency of construction projects. However, the lack of experience and knowledge regarding its use results in errors in design owing to conflicts and omissions of considerations for OSC projects. To mitigate these problems, the design for manufacturing and assembly (DfMA) is widely used to include the considerations in the OSC design process.
  • 1.2K
  • 14 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Research Directions Toward Carbon-Neutral Concrete
Carbon storage has become a key aspect of dealing with greenhouse gases such as CO2. Currently, many solutions are being explored to reduce the greenhouse effect caused by CO2, with one being carbon capture and storage. In view of this, there is a need to develop higher-density, highly permanent forms of carbon storage, to reduce the volume required for storing captured CO2. 
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Functional Properties of Seaweed Proteins
Seaweeds contain several bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, polyphenols, lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), sterols, proteins, dietary fiber, pigments, and vitamins. Several studies have revealed that seaweeds are an excellent source of various proteins (amino acids, peptides, phycobiliproteins, and lectins) with interesting biological properties.
  • 1.2K
  • 25 May 2022
Topic Review
Impact of Digital Finance on Regional Carbon Emissions
China is currently in the process of industrialization, and the excessive consumption of fossil energy results in a significant increase in carbon emissions. With the significant development of information technology and the digital economy, digital finance has gradually become a new model that affects human activities, motivating us to explore the relationship between digital finance and carbon emissions.
  • 1.2K
  • 05 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Reversible Data Hiding Schemes Using Image Steganography
Encryption is a significant technique to secure data. Steganography and cryptography are two widely used techniques used to secure data. The steganographic technique is used to conceal the confidential information within data, whereas cryptography obfuscates the secret data to make it unreadable. The basic aim of the steganographic technique is to protect the copyrights, authorization, and ownership of the digital media transmitted over a network. A good stego-image should have high embedding capacity, robustness, imperceptibility, security, and less computational complexity.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Sep 2022
Topic Review Video
Allosteric Antagonism of the Pregnane X Receptor
The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is a xenobiotic-activated transcription factor with high levels of expression in the liver. It not only plays a key role in drug metabolism and elimination, but also promotes tumor growth, drug resistance, and metabolic diseases. It has been proposed as a therapeutic target for type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease, and PXR antagonists have recently been considered as a therapy for colon cancer. The identified allosteric sites of the PXR provide new insights into the development of safe and efficient allosteric modulators of the PXR receptor. Researchers therefore propose that novel PXR allosteric sites might be promising targets for treating chronic metabolic diseases and some cancers. 
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Enough Is Enough
Enough Is Enough is an American non-profit organization whose stated purpose is to make the Internet safer for families and children. It carries out lobbying efforts in Washington, D.C., and played a role in the passage of the Communications Decency Act of 1996, the Child Online Protection Act of 1998, and the Children's Internet Protection Act of 2000. The group is based in the Commonwealth of Virginia. They sometimes refer to themselves acronymically as EIE.
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Management of Radiation Dermatitis for Breast Cancer Patients
The importance of holistic, patient-centered assessments, interventions, and education during RT should not be understated in its value of promoting patients’ physical and emotional comfort. The implementation of a skin care plan is an opportunity for patients to fully engage in self-care, not only promoting their skin health, reducing RT-associated side effects, and promoting the restoration of skin integrity, but can enhance their sense of control with the stressful context of cancer treatments. Ultimately, a patient-centered approach with implementation of a skin care plan may avert a delay in treatment or discontinuation of RT due to RD and afford breast cancer patients the greatest chance for long-term survival.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Indicaxanthin Bioactivity in Health and Disease
Indicaxanthin is a dietary, highly bioavailable phytochemical from cactus pear fruit, with nutraceutical potential. Studies in healthy, transformed cells and whole organisms suggest health-promoting activities, particularly in counteracting inflammation and regulating mechanisms that control cell growth and longevity. In vitro evidence to date does not provide a unified picture of the molecular mechanisms mediating the action of Indicaxanthin; rather different mechanisms have emerged in relation to different stimuli and conditions in both healthy and transformed cells. Many of the activities appear to be geared toward restoring cellular redox homeostasis, correcting dysfunction generated by oxidative stress, and modulating signaling pathways that control vital processes in healthy cells; other activities, apparently independent of cellular redox balance, have also been observed.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Large-Strain-Extrusion Machining
Bulk nanostructured metals and alloys are finding increasing structural applications due to their superior mechanical properties. The methods that rely on the severe plastic deformation technique for effecting microstructural refinement through imposing large strains are utilized mostly to produce nanostructured materials. The machining process has been demonstrated as a simple process for severe plastic deformation by imposing large strains through a single pass of the cutting tool where strains in a range of 1–15 can be imposed for a variety of materials by varying the cutting conditions and tool geometry. However, the geometry of the resulting chip subjected to severe plastic deformation during the machining process is not under control and, hence, a variant of the machining process, called the large-strain-extrusion machining process, has been proposed and utilized extensively for producing bulk nanostructured materials. Large-strain-extrusion machining possesses simultaneous control over microstructure refinement, through managing the strain during large-strain machining, and the shape and dimension of the resulting chip by the extrusion process.
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Baicalein
Baicalein, a flavonoid extract (5,6,7-trihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) derived from the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, can inhibit cancer-promoting mechanisms such as metastasis, angiogenesis, and inflammation without harming healthy cells. Despite having enormous prospects for anti-cancer use, low bioavailability limits its applications.
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for Allergy
Allergic inflammation is a type 2 immune disorder traditionally treated with epinephrine and glucorticosteroids in the short term. In extreme cases, current treatment options include the use of monoclonal antibodies targeting the pathological pathways of inflammation. However, this is impeded by the cost of production, host immunogenicity, safety, and the efficacy of these antibodies, and by their availability in developing countries. The use of purified monoclonal antibodies for treating severe allergic responses and the associated limitations are described. 
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Biosensor Technology for Insulin Detection
Biosensor technology is a multidisciplinary field where biology, engineering and nanotechnology promise solutions for healthcare challenges enabling personalised medicine for disease prognosis, diagnosis and drug delivery. The ability to use a point-of-care sensor to measure insulin concurrently with glucose would allow for a much better assessment of endogenous insulin activity, enabling real-time adjustments in insulin dosing to be made while minimising the likelihood of occurrence of extremes of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia.
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Renal Osteodystrophy
Nowadays ROD is a classic term that should be exclusively used to define histological bone lesions related to CKD; this spectrum of abnormalities could be assessed only by BB according to the TMV (turnover, mineralization, volume) classification system, recommended by KDIGO in 2006 to standardize the changes.
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Apr 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 2729
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback