Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping
Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (VSLAM) methods refer to the SLAM approaches that employ cameras for pose estimation and map reconstruction and are preferred over Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR)-based methods due to their lighter weight, lower acquisition costs, and richer environment representation.
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Hypertension Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Pregnant Women
Hypertension disorders during pregnancy (HDP) are the leading causes of neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Office BP is still the main method for the diagnosis of hypertension during pregnancy.
  • 1.3K
  • 16 May 2023
Topic Review
Eco-Violence in Nigeria’s Middle Belt through Collective Memory
The Nigerian Middle Belt is the epicentre of violent conflicts between Fulani herders and sedentary farmers over land and agricultural resources called eco-violence; existing research has not adequately addressed the persistence of these conflicts. Using Social Representations Theory (SRT).
  • 1.3K
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Biological Activity of Phenolic Compounds in Grape Juices
Phenolic compounds present in grapes and their derivatives, such as grape juices, represent today a broad area of research, given the benefits they have on human health. Grape juice can be produced from any grape variety once it matures appropriately. However, only in traditional wine-producing regions are grape juices produced from Vitis vinifera grape varieties. For example, Brazilian grape juices are essentially made from Vitis labrusca grape varieties, known as American or hybrid, as they preserve their characteristics, such as the natural flavor after pasteurization. Grapes are one of the richest sources of phenolic compounds among fruits. Therefore, grape juices have been broadly studied due to their composition in phenolic compounds and their potential beneficial effects on human health, specifically the ability to prevent various diseases associated with oxidative stress, including cancers and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. 
  • 1.3K
  • 13 Sep 2023
Topic Review
ECG Signs in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Response Prediction
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a cornerstone therapeutic opportunity for selected patients with heart failure. For optimal patient selection, no other method has been proven to be more effective than the 12-lead ECG, and hence ECG characteristics are extensively researched. The evaluation of particular ECG signs before the implantation may improve selection and, consequently, clinical outcomes. The definition of a true left bundle branch block (LBBB) seems to be the best starting point with which to select patients for CRT. Although there are no universally accepted definitions of LBBB, using the classical LBBB criteria, some ECG parameters are associated with CRT response. In patients with non-true LBBB or non-LBBB, further ECG predictors of response and non-response could be analyzed, such as QRS fractionation, signs of residual left bundle branch conduction, S-waves in V6, intrinsicoid deflection, or non-invasive estimates of Q-LV which are described in newer publications. 
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Melleins
Melleins are 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins mainly produced by fungi, but also by plants, insects and bacteria. These specialized metabolites play important roles in the life cycles of the producers and they are involved in many biochemical and ecological processes.
  • 1.3K
  • 09 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Business Failure
As living organisms, companies follow a three-stage life cycle: they are established, they grow and develop and, at some point, their life ends more or less suddenly. Business Failure is defined as liquidation, inactivation and legal declaration.
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Integration of Solar Process Heat in Industries
Industrial manufacturing approaches are associated with processing materials that consume a significant amount of thermal energy, termed as industrial process heat. Industrial sectors consume a substantial amount of energy for process heating over a wide range of temperatures (up to 400 °C) from agriculture, HVAC to power plants. However, the intensive industrial application of fossil fuels causes unfavorable environmental effects that cannot be ignored. The integration of solar heat into industrial processes has proven to reduce fossil fuel consumption and to initiate a carbon-free environment, and there is an ongoing tendency towards implementing SHIP projects in a wide variety of industries. However, the research in this sector is quite minimal.
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Dinoflagellate Amphiesmal Dynamics
Dinoflagellates are a major aquatic protist group with amphiesma, multiple cortical membranous “cell wall” layers that contain large circum-cortical alveolar sacs (AVs). AVs undergo extensive remodeling during cell- and life-cycle transitions, including ecdysal cysts (ECs) and resting cysts that are important in some harmful algal bloom initiation–termination. AVs are large cortical vesicular compartments, within which are elaborate cellulosic thecal plates (CTPs), in thecate species, and the pellicular layer (PL). AV-CTPs provide cellular mechanical protection and are targets of vesicular transport that are replaced during EC-swarmer cell transition, or with increased deposition during the cellular growth cycle.
  • 1.3K
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Sterilize Polylactic Acid
Sterilization is an important and problematic step that should be considered as early as possible in the design of any new medical device intended to be use in contact with sterile tissues, mucous membranes, or breached skin, in order to save money, time and trouble.
  • 1.3K
  • 26 Jul 2021
Topic Review
General Characteristics and Pathophysiology of Glaucoma
Glaucoma, a group of diseases characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell loss, cupping of the optic disc, and a typical pattern of visual field defects, is a leading cause of severe visual impairment and blindness worldwide.
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Nanoparticles and Their Role in Heavy Metal Bioremediation
Physical and chemical techniques are used to remove heavy metals (HMs) from contaminated soil. Microbial-metal interaction, a novel but underutilized strategy, might be used to lessen the stress caused by metals on plants. For reclaiming areas with high levels of heavy metal contamination, bioremediation is effective and environmentally friendly. Nanotechnology greatly improves the process of bioremediation, and its application in heavy metal bioremediation.
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Forage Nutritive Value
Forage nutritive value is generally analyzed by relating the attributes of nutritive value to plant phenology in order to predict the decline of these attributes with plant age. A more functional analysis is based on the assumption that above ground plant mass (W) is composed of two compartments: (i) the metabolic compartment (Wm) 18 associated with plant growth processes scaling with leaf area and having high N concentration (%N) and digestibility (%D); and (ii) the structural compartment (Ws) associated with the architectural plant development scaling with plant height and thickness and having low %N and %D. If we postulate that Wm is allometrically related to W, the ontogenetic decline of both %N and %D as plant gets bigger and forage mass increases can be explained and described. The theoretical framework developed in this review allows the expression of a mechanistic link between the increase in plant size and the decrease of both forage crude protein concentration and digestibility linking forage production and forage nutritive value dynamics within the same functional approach for a better understanding of genotype-environment-management interactions.
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
The origin cell of cancer
       Tumours may develop from stem cells as well as differentiated cells able to divide. Phenotypically, the two principal  types of cell of origin convert with the degree of genetic changes as the stem cell derived tumours stop earlier in the differentiation and the differentiated cells  gradually lose specific traits. However, the growth regulation of the cell of origin, which depends on its receptors conveying signals influencing proliferation, is essential in tumourigenesis since every cell division carries a small risk of mutation. Moreover, some normal cells have properties making them prone to develop into tumours as neuroendocrine cells which display low adherence as they occur spread by other cells, and also because they release signal substances affecting the vascular bed (for instance histamine).. Therefore, these cells may be the origin of tumours more malignant than apparent from their phenotype. Knowledge of the receptors of the cell of origin gives increased possibility to understand the tumourigenesis and also  improvement of prophylaxis and treatment of the tumours. Finally, spread of nearly normal tumour cells at an early phase gives a plausible explanation of quiescent tumor cell/dormant tumours.
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Molecular Sensing with Hyperpolarized 129Xe
Hyperpolarized noble gases have been used early on in applications for sensitivity enhanced NMR. 129Xe has been explored for various applications because it can be used beyond the gas-driven examination of void spaces. Its solubility in aqueous solutions and its affinity for hydrophobic binding pockets allows "functionalization" through combination with host structures that bind one or multiple gas atoms. Moreover, the transient nature of gas binding in such hosts allows the combination with another signal enhancement technique, namely chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST). Different systems have been investigated for implementing various types of so-called Xe biosensors where the gas binds to a targeted host to address molecular markers or to sense biophysical parameters.
  • 1.3K
  • 19 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Sugary Food Consumption on Pregnancy
Obesity in pregnancy has been directly associated with an increased risk of almost all pregnancy complications such as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and premature delivery. Thereby, according to current evidence available, life-style interventions to prevent pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity in women of fertile age are necessary to reduce the negative impact of obesity on mother and child health. Unhealthy dietary patterns, together with the increased consumption of processed foods rich in simple sugar and sweeteners are some of the responsible, among others, for the increase in obesity rates during the last years. Nevertheless, how its consumption can affect pregnancy outcomes and long-term children's health is still uncertain.
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Nov 2020
Topic Review
NETs and Cardiovascular Diseases
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) significantly contribute to various pathophysiological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases. NET formation in the vasculature exhibits inflammatory and thrombogenic activities on the endothelium. NETs are induced by various stimulants such as exogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). 
  • 1.3K
  • 02 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Vitiligo
Vitiligo is a condition that causes patchy loss of skin coloring (pigmentation). The average age of onset of vitiligo is in the mid-twenties, but it can appear at any age. It tends to progress over time, with larger areas of the skin losing pigment. Some people with vitiligo also have patches of pigment loss affecting the hair on their scalp or body.
  • 1.3K
  • 04 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Cybersickness
Overcoming cybersickness remains elusive for VR developers and practitioners. Symptoms such as discomfort, headache, eye strain, and dizziness during and after VR experiences can be associated with cybersickness. Cybersickness is often compared with motion sickness and simulator sickness. However, cybersickness is categorized as a subset of motion sickness as cybersickness is considered a form of visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) (Weech et al., 2019) and shown to be three times more serious than simulator sickness (Stanney et al., 1997).
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Withaferin A
Withaferin A (WFA) was identified as the most active phytocompound of the plant Withania somnifera (WS) and as having multiple therapeutic/ameliorating properties (anticancer, antiangiogenic, anti-invasive, anti-inflammatory, proapoptotic, etc.) in case of various diseases.
  • 1.3K
  • 04 May 2021
  • Page
  • of
  • 2728
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback