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Topic Review
Groundwater Management Policies and Caplina Aquifer, Atacama Desert
Groundwater constitutes one of the main sources used to satisfy the water demands of the different users located in a basin. Groundwater pumping rates in many cases exceed natural recharge, resulting in the overexploitation of aquifers and the deterioration of water quality. Consequently, many aquifer systems in the world have applied and adapted policies to manage the use of groundwater. The conditions of the groundwater of the Caplina aquifer are not sustainable, and likewise, public policies are not effective for reversing this situation. This leads the aquifer system to a situation in which there is a quality degradation of the water, to a point that may be irreversible.
  • 315
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Tethys (Database)
Tethys is an online knowledge management system that provides the marine renewable energy (MRE) and wind energy communities with access to information and scientific literature on the environmental effects of devices. Named after the Greek titaness of the sea, the goal of the Tethys database is to promote environmental stewardship and the advancement of the wind and marine renewable energy communities. The website has been developed by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in support of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Wind and Water Power Technologies Office. Tethys hosts information and activities associated with two international collaborations known as OES-Environmental and WREN, formed to examine the environmental effects of marine renewable energy projects and wind energy projects, respectively.
  • 311
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Characteristics, Concentration, Toxicity of ECs in Water Bodies
Emerging contaminants (ECs) are causing negative effects on the environment and even on people, so their removal has become a priority worldwide. ECs are organic, pseudo-persistent, and unregulated “new” contaminants detected in water/wastewater in trace concentrations (ng/L–µg/L).
  • 302
  • 05 May 2023
Topic Review
NOAAS Murre II
NOAAS Murre II (R 663), previously NOAAS Murre II (FRV 63), was an American research vessel in commission in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) fleet from 1970 to 1989. Prior to her NOAA career, she operated under the United States Department of the Interior′s Fish and Wildlife Service from 1949 to 1956 and under the United States Fish and Wildlife Service′s Bureau of Commercial Fisheries from 1956 to 1970 as Murre II. The ship originally operated as a self-propelled barge, first as BSP-1915 for the United States Army during World War II and then for the Fish and Wildlife Service before undergoing conversion into a research ship in 1963.
  • 289
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Water Reuse
Wastewater treatment and reuse has passed through different development stages with time. Based on archeological evidence and time records, the awareness of the Greeks regarding land disposal, irrigation, and water reuse is highlighted. The latter has evolved into a plethora of applications, with Direct Potable Reuse (DPR) representing one of the last modern frontiers.
  • 280
  • 25 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Factors Affecting N2O Emissions from Wastewater Treatment Plants
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) generate significant amounts of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas with a global warming potential (GWP) 273 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2), contributing to ozone layer depletion and climate change. Therefore, even small amounts of N2O emissions can significantly contribute to total greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Thus, it can be concluded that the minimization of N2O emissions and the identification of the factors controlling these emissions constitute a great challenge.
  • 254
  • 07 Nov 2023
Topic Review
River Chief Information-Sharing System Practice in China
Controling river water pollution is one of the complex ecoenvironmental challenges facing China’s development today. The river chief information-sharing system (RCISS) in China is an institutional innovation carried out by the government to promote collaborative water governance in the era of big data. In China, the RCISS is primarily practiced at the provincial level. A three-dimensional and intelligent information-management system would be established according to the work plan of the RCS.
  • 251
  • 27 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Bisphenol A on Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge
Anaerobic digestion for stabilizing sewage sludge in WWTPs, which produces biogas and stabilized biosolids, is a mature technology used worldwide. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an alkylphenol composed of acetone and phenol. It is a plastic additive that is most commonly used to produce different industrial and personal care products, e.g., polycarbonate, polysulphone, epoxy, polyacrylate, polyetherimide resins, thermal paper, beverage containers, dental sealant, and so on.
  • 247
  • 26 Feb 2024
Topic Review
The Social Fabric of Watershed Management
Watershed management, a critical component in preserving and enhancing our natural environments, necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the social networks that underpin the organizations dedicated to this cause. The intricate web of relationships and interactions within and between such organizations can influence their operational efficacy and impact on watershed conservation and management. A social network analysis (SNA) encompasses theoretically grounded methods designed to analyze various types and attributes of relations among individuals and groups. 
  • 239
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Practical Application of Zeolites as Adsorbent
Zeolites are crystalline micro- and mesoporous materials widely used as catalysts and sorbents. Zeolites are commonly used in separation processes in, e.g., the petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries as they can be made fairly specific to the target molecules, and since the main mechanisms behind the separation process (molecular sieving, electrostatic interaction, and polarization) are always reversible, zeolites are believed (under ideal situations) to be able to undergo a virtually unlimited number of adsorption–desorption cycles. This is important from a cost-efficiency perspective too, as the high initial costs can be compensated by the longer life, assured by excellent stability and ease of regeneration.
  • 231
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Groundwater Depletion and Degradation in North China Plain
Groundwater is an important natural resource in the North China Plain (NCP) with high economic benefits and social significance. It fulfills 60% of drinking and 70% of irrigation water requirements. Groundwater becomes unsafe for human consumption due to pollution caused by inappropriate waste disposal, industrial discharges, and agricultural runoff.
  • 225
  • 24 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Halophytes/Saline Water/Deserts/Wastelands Nexus
Climate change is rapidly exacerbating and adding to major-to-existential issues associated with freshwater availability and utilization. The massive, thus far untapped saline/salt water/ocean—wastelands/deserts—Halophytes resources nexus can, at scale and profitably, provide major climate change mitigation and greatly alleviate most extant freshwater issues. Approaches include ocean fertilization and saline/seawater agriculture on deserts and wastelands to sequester massive amounts of CO2 and methane and for food, freeing up some 70% of the freshwater now utilized by current agriculture for direct human use. This also enables the production of huge amounts of biofuels and biomass-based chemical feedstock employing the massive capacity of cheap saline/seawater and cheap deserts and wastelands.
  • 189
  • 29 Feb 2024
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