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Topic Review
MAP Intercropping in the Mediterranean Basin
The Mediterranean basin (MB), a “climate hotspot”, is experiencing faster than average increases in global temperature and water deficit, as well as soil degradation, with detrimental impacts on food crop yield and pest/pathogen incidence. Hence, there is an urgent requisite for sustainable crop diversification strategies to promote crop resilience, soil quality conservation and pest/pathogen control. Intercropping is a strategy that has yet to be widely adopted. Presently, cereal–legume combinations represent the most common intercrops. Of relevance, a large number of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs), native to the MB, serve as potentially profitable indigenous resources for intercropping with food crops. Environmentally sustainable benefits of MB MAP intercropping with food crops have ironically been reported largely from research outside the MB.
  • 686
  • 06 Sep 2023
Biography
Daniel Manore
Daniel is a dedicated and accomplished individual hailing from Hawassa, Ethiopia. With a profound passion for agriculture, he has pursued his academic journey with zeal and determination. Daniel hold a Master of Science (MSc) in Agronomy and a Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Plant Science in Crop Production, both from the prestigious Hawassa University. His academic excellence is a testament to his
  • 673
  • 31 Oct 2024
Topic Review
Importance of Bacterial Canker Disease in Tomato
Tomato is one of the world’s most commonly grown and consumed vegetables. However, it can be attacked by the Gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), which causes bacterial canker on tomato plants, resulting in significant financial losses in field production and greenhouses worldwide.
  • 663
  • 21 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Biology and Behavior of Western Flower Thrips
The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, is a significant agricultural pest that challenges crop production. WFT are tiny insects that feed on various plants, causing damage that affects crop yield and quality. Effective control strategies are necessary to mitigate their impact.
  • 651
  • 28 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Improvement of Soil Organic Carbon and System Environmental
A six-year experiment (2009 to 2015) was conducted on sugarcane-based cropping systems in farmers’ fields to examine the effects of precision land leveling (PLL) compared to traditional land leveling (TLL) in terms of soil organic carbon (SOC), greenhouse gas emissions, irrigation water requirements, and system productivity and profitability.
  • 649
  • 20 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Herbicide-Resistant Cases in Perennial Crops
Herbicide-resistant weeds challenge sustainable food production in almost all cropping systems in Europe. Herbicide resistance is increasing, and some European countries are among the most affected globally, such as Spain and France. This situation is worsening not only due to herbicide use restrictions but also due to climate change, rendering Mediterranean countries such as Spain particularly susceptible.
  • 640
  • 27 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Selenium and Sulfur to Produce Allium Functional Crops
Selenium is an element that must be considered in the nutrition of many crops since its use allows the obtaining of biofortified crops with a positive impact on human health. 
  • 627
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Vine and Wine Sustainability in a Cooperative Ecosystem
The world is changing, and climate change has become a serious issue. Organizations, governments, companies, and consumers are becoming more conscious of this impact and are combining their forces to minimize it. Cooperatives have a business model that differs from those in the private or public sector. They operate according to their own principles of cooperation, which makes it difficult to obtain results that are in harmony with the objectives of the organization and the cooperative members.
  • 622
  • 03 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Fertilization Strategies for Soil Factors of Nitrogen Efficiency
 Fertilizer Use Efficiency (FUE) is a measure of the potential of an applied fertilizer to increase its impact on the uptake and utilization of nitrogen (N) present in the soil/plant system. The productivity of N depends on the supply of those nutrients in a well-defined stage of yield formation that are decisive for its uptake and utilization. Traditionally, plant nutritional status is evaluated by using chemical methods. However, nowadays, to correct fertilizer doses, the absorption and reflection of solar radiation is used. Fertilization efficiency can be increased not only by adjusting the fertilizer dose to the plant’s requirements, but also by removing all of the soil factors that constrain nutrient uptake and their transport from soil to root surface. Among them, soil compaction and pH are relatively easy to correct. The goal of new the formulas of N fertilizers is to increase the availability of N by synchronization of its release with the plant demand. The aim of non-nitrogenous fertilizers is to increase the availability of nutrients that control the effectiveness of N present in the soil/plant system. A wide range of actions is required to reduce the amount of N which can pollute ecosystems adjacent to fields.
  • 615
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Phosphorus HotSpots in Crop Plants on the Farm
Phosphorus resources, both in phosphate rocks and in the soil, are limited. However, effective food production is not possible without the use of P fertilizers. Recognizing and eliminating or at least ameliorating factors (hot spots) that interfere with the uptake and use of phosphorus (P) by crop plants is of key importance for effective use of both P and nitrogen (N) on the farm. Plants have developed many adaptation mechanisms to their environment, i.e., soil low in available phosphorus. The most important ones include the secretion of organic compounds into the rhizosphere and the association of plant roots with microorganisms. A classic example is mycorrhiza. These mechanisms can be used by the farmer to sequentially select plants in the crop rotation. The uptake of inorganic P (Pi) by plants from the soil is reduced by environmental (temperature and water) and soil factors (low content of available phosphorus, soil acidity, soil compaction). These factors are responsible for the growth and size of the root system. Mitigating these negative effects improves the efficiency of phosphorus uptake from the soil. The second group of critical factors, limiting both root growth and availability of phosphorus, can be effectively controlled using simple measures (for example, lime).
  • 612
  • 07 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Endomembrane Distortions Induced by Viruses and Associated Proteins
Formation of viral replication complex (VRC) is an essential step for genome replication of single-stranded positive RNA (ssRNA +) viruses infecting plants. They are composed of viral proteins as well as host proteins and generally localized to cellular endomembranes. Certain viral proteins are responsible for the recruitment of host proteins involved in endomembrane distortions to induce the formation of vesicles or small compartments. 
  • 604
  • 03 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Detection of the Stem End of Pomelo
For the detection of the stem end of pomelo, there are no standard or even clear detection and grading guidelines. Researchers usually determine the detectors by experience. The deep learning method is good at extracting the hidden information from labeled image datasets.
  • 604
  • 24 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Machine Learning Basis and Function
Machine learning, as an important subfield of AI, has been widely used in different aspects of our lives, such as communication and agriculture, among many others. In agriculture, ML algorithms can be used for crop-yield prediction, crop-growth monitoring, precision agriculture, and automated irrigation.
  • 590
  • 20 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Anoxia Tolerance in Rice Seeds under Submergence
Submergence in rice fields creating inundation stress and realizing anoxia or hypoxia is a problem in agriculture. Seeds under this oxygen deficit are faced with fermentative respiration, where the end product would be poisoning the tissue viability. This is more aggravated in direct seeded rice cultivation with the accumulation of lactate as a poison. 
  • 589
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
BPH-Resistance Gene Mapping
The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål, BPH) is one of the most serious pests that harm rice production. N. lugens soaks up phloem sap by inserting needle-like stylets into the vascular tissue of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Utilizing the inherent resistance has been widely considered as the most cost-effective method for sustainable BPH control. To date, more than 49 BPH-resistance genes/QTLs have been detected and rice varieties containing one or more BPH-resistance genes/QTLs have been developed to reduce the loss of rice yield induced by BPH feeding.
  • 544
  • 05 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Evaluation of Cowpea Landraces under a Mediterranean Climate
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) yield is a crop strongly influenced by environmental conditions. Average seed yield can decrease to a great extent when drought conditions occur, especially when they prevail during flowering and seed filling periods. Identifying genotypes presenting yield stability is one of the most important breeding goals. Local varieties or crop landraces are genetic resources that, despite exhibiting intermediate yield production capacity, present high yield stability in low-input cropping systems.In the countries around the Mediterranean basin, a remarkable number of cowpea landraces are still cultivated on a small scale by farmers mainly for their own use and consumption. These landraces could serve as important sources of adaptive traits and resistance to drought for the upcoming climatic change. However, the evaluation of cowpea landrace material originated from Southern European countries is considered limited in proportion to the number of local varieties that are available. Efforts are therefore made to evaluate more cowpea landraces originated from countries around Meditteranean sea in order to be later included in breeding programs. 
  • 536
  • 16 May 2023
Topic Review
Key Compounds for Management of Seedborne Pathogens
Seedborne pathogens represent a critical issue for successful agricultural production worldwide. Seed treatment with plant protection products constitutes one of the first options useful for reducing seed infection or contamination and preventing disease spread. Basic substances are regulated in the EU according to criteria presented in Article 23 of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009. Basic substances and potential basic substances are a useful tool  be used for seed treatment as a safe and ecological alternative to synthetic pesticides against the major seedborne pathogens of crops.
  • 498
  • 21 Nov 2023
Topic Review
GmLecRlk
GmLecRlk (Glyma.07G005700) was identified as a salt-responsive candidate gene in soybean. GmLecRlk overexpressing (GmLecRlk-ox) soybean lines had significantly enhanced fresh weight, proline (Pro) content, and catalase (CAT) activity, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 content under salt stress. 
  • 495
  • 04 Mar 2022
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