Your browser does not fully support modern features. Please upgrade for a smoother experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Saturn Launch Vehicle Digital Computer
The Saturn Launch Vehicle Digital Computer (LVDC) was a computer that provided the autopilot for the Saturn V rocket from launch to Earth orbit insertion. Designed and manufactured by IBM's Electronics Systems Center in Owego, N.Y., it was one of the major components of the Instrument Unit, fitted to the S-IVB stage of the Saturn V and Saturn IB rockets. The LVDC also supported pre- and post-launch checkout of the Saturn hardware. It was used in conjunction with the Launch Vehicle Data Adaptor (LVDA) which performed signal conditioning to the sensor inputs to the computer from the launch vehicle.
  • 1.4K
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Geolocation Software
In computing, geolocation software is software that is capable of deducing the geolocation of a device connected to the Internet. The identification of a device's IP address can be used to determine the country, city, or post/ZIP code, determining an object's geographical location. Other methods include examination of a MAC address, image metadata, or credit card information.
  • 1.4K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Nanocarriers in Enhanced Antifungal Delivery
Fungal infections are an extremely serious health problem, particularly in patients with compromised immune systems. Most antifungal agents have low aqueous solubility, which may hamper their bioavailability. Their complexation with cyclodextrins (CDs) could increase the solubility of antifungals, facilitating their antifungal efficacy. Nanoparticulate systems are promising carriers for antifungal delivery due to their ability to overcome the drawbacks of conventional dosage forms. CD-based nanocarriers could form beneficial combinations of CDs and nanoparticulate platforms. These systems have synergistic or additive effects regarding improved drug loading, enhanced chemical stability, and enhanced drug permeation through membranes, thereby increasing the bioavailability of drugs. 
  • 1.4K
  • 08 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Green Substrates for Flexible Electronics for IoT
The Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining more and more popularity and it is establishing itself in all areas, from industry to everyday life. Given its pervasiveness and considering the problems that afflict today’s world, that must be carefully monitored and addressed to guarantee a future for the new generations, the sustainability of technological solutions must be a focal point in the activities of researchers in the field. Many of these solutions are based on flexible, printed or wearable electronics. The choice of materials therefore becomes fundamental, just as it is crucial to provide the necessary power supply in a green way.
  • 1.4K
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Fundamentals of the Laser Ablation Method
The process of the pulsed-laser-induced quenching of liquid-solid interface reactions and pulsed laser evaporation to form composite films were then covered in depth, which provided a theoretical framework for the creation of new techniques for the synthesis of nanostructures. The laser irradiation process in a liquid environment, also known as laser ablation in liquid (LAL), can greatly improve ablation efficiency. The function of the liquids, such as water, involves heat transfer (conduction or convection) and bubble movement, which aids in the removal of the ablation particles that have been redeposited on the surface of the material and inhibits the fragmentation of chip oxidation. In addition, the liquid environment effectively cools the targets, preventing excessive heat buildup. Therefore, LAL can be widely used in laser cleaning and laser shock peening. 
  • 1.4K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Liv.52 in Alcoholic Liver Disease
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has been a growing concern in developed and developing nations. Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation are the most common cause of the development and progression of ALD. Due to paucity in the number and efficacy of hepatoprotective drugs currently available, and with the easy availability of natural therapy and herbal medicines, ALD is managed using a combination of pharmaceutical interventions and herbal medications.
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Electric Field Catalytic Reactions
The role of catalysis in controlling chemical reactions is crucial. As an important external stimulus regulatory tool, electric field (EF) catalysis enables further possibilities for chemical reaction regulation. The regulation mechanism of electric fields and electrons on chemical reactions has been modeled. The electric field at the single-molecule electronic scale provides a powerful theoretical weapon to explore the dynamics of individual chemical reactions. The combination of electric fields and single-molecule electronic techniques not only uncovers new principles but also results in the regulation of chemical reactions at the single-molecule scale. 
  • 1.4K
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Nanobiosensors in Pathogen Detection in Water and Food
Food and waterborne illnesses are still a major concern in health and food safety areas. Methods based on biosensor devices have emerged as novel tools for faster detection of food and water pathogens, in contrast to traditional methods that are usually time-consuming and are unsuitable for large-scale monitoring. Biosensor devices can be summarized as devices that use biochemical reactions with a biorecognition section (isolated enzymes, antibodies, tissues, genetic materials, or aptamers) to detect pathogens. In most cases, biosensors are based on the correlation of electrical, thermal, or optical signals in the presence of pathogen biomarkers. The application of nano and molecular technologies allows the identification of pathogens in a faster and high-sensibility manner, at extremely low-pathogen concentrations. In fact, the integration of gold, silver, iron, and magnetic nanoparticles (NP) in biosensors has demonstrated an improvement in their detection functionality.
  • 1.4K
  • 26 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Sex-Specific SARS-CoV-2 Mortality
COVID-19 shows a sex-dependent epidemiology. This letter aims to point out some molecular mechanisms which could explain this gender-related difference. Such knownledge may be useful for the future management of COVID-19 patients.
  • 1.4K
  • 02 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Scutellaria baicalensis
Flavonoids as the largest group of natural phytochemical compounds have received significant attention, as demonstrated by clinical trials, due to their chemotherapeutic and/or pharmacological effects against non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and asthma. Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis), known as one of the most popular medicinal plants and used in several countries, contains natural active flavone constituents, with the major compounds of the roots being baicalein, baicalin, wogonin, wogonoside and oroxylin A. S. baicalensis and their compounds are proven to have inhibitory effects on NSCLC cells when used at different concentrations. However, the exact mechanisms by which these compounds exert their therapeutic effects against asthma remain unexplored. Indeed, the mechanisms by which S. baicalensis and its flavone compounds exert a protective effect against nicotine-induced NSCLC and asthma are not yet fully understood. 
  • 1.4K
  • 17 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Homocysteine
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing amino acid generated during methionine metabolism, accumulation of which may be caused by genetic defects or the deficit of vitamin B12 and folate.
  • 1.4K
  • 12 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Metformin for Preeclampsia Prophylaxis
The possibility of prophylaxis of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) such as preeclampsia (PE) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is of interest due to the unpredictable course of these diseases and the risks they carry for both mother and fetus. It has been proven that their development is associated with the presence of the placenta, and the processes that initiate it begin at the time of the abnormal invasion of the trophoblast in early pregnancy. The ideal HDPs prophylaxis should alleviate the influence of risk factors and, at the same time, promote physiological trophoblast invasion and maintain the physiologic endothelium function without any harm to both mother and fetus. So far, aspirin is the only effective and recommended pharmacological agent for the prevention of HDPs in high-risk groups. Metformin is a hypoglycemic drug with a proven protective effect on the cardiovascular system. Respecting the anti-inflammatory properties of metformin and its favorable impact on the endothelium, it seems to be an interesting option for HDPs prophylaxis. 
  • 1.4K
  • 16 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Cancer
The H. pyloriinfection generates an inflammatory reaction in the stomach, resulting in the loss of parietal cells and an elevation in gastric pH. H. pylorimay contribute to microbial dysbiosis, and effective eradication can restore the gut microbiota to a state comparable to that of uninfected people.
  • 1.4K
  • 02 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Alveolar Bone Regeneration and Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Mesenchymal stem cells/stromal cells (MSCs), which have been applied in implantology and periodontology. MSCs, with their multilineage differentiation potential (differentiation into osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes, muscle cells, and even neurocytes) are widely available from various tissues sources.
  • 1.4K
  • 17 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Digital Media Technology Applied in Self-Guided Learning
This research adopts Keller’s ARCS motivation theory as a method to create a teaching experiment by integrating augmented reality (AR) into teaching in order to enhance learning interest and learning effectiveness in a digital media design course. The purpose of this research is to examine the application of AR in quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic, whereby students can enhance their learning interest, learning satisfaction, and learning performance. Augmented reality acts as a tool for this research, wherein it is applied with the course of a 3D model-based interface and built-in learning contexts for the “digital media design” of the learning topics.The contribution of this research is proving that AR teaching materials are suitable for normal learning programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. At present, it appears as though online learning and self-study at home will become the norm for the students all over the world. Digital media design was the research field, and the coding program and the project development as professional domain knowledge of the Unity platform were found suitable for AR teaching materials for online learning solutions. However, the limitations of the research are that for successful AR teaching experiences, teachers must devote substantial additional time to work on AR-based textbooks,in contrast to other teaching models, which represents a major impediment for educators.
  • 1.4K
  • 05 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Chitosan in Sustainable Development
The chitosan shows interesting and unique properties, thus it can be used for different purposes which contributes to the design and development of sustainable novel materials. This helps in promoting sustainability through the use of chitosan and diverse materials based on it. 
  • 1.4K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Crosstalk of H2S with Signaling/Phytohormones under Changing Environments
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) serves as an important gaseous signaling molecule that is involved in intra- and intercellular signal transduction in plant–environment interactions. In plants, H2S is formed in sulfate/cysteine reduction pathways. The activation of endogenous H2S and its exogenous application has been found to be highly effective in ameliorating a wide variety of stress conditions in plants. The H2S interferes with the cellular redox regulatory network and prevents the degradation of proteins from oxidative stress via post-translational modifications (PTMs). H2S-mediated persulfidation allows the rapid response of proteins in signaling networks to environmental stimuli. In addition, regulatory crosstalk of H2S with other gaseous signals and plant growth regulators enable the activation of multiple signaling cascades that drive cellular adaptation.
  • 1.4K
  • 29 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Relationship between D-Amino Acids and Schizophrenia
D-amino acids may play key roles for specific physiological functions in different organs including the brain. Importantly, D-amino acids have been detected in several neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and age-related disorders, reflecting the disease conditions. Relationships between D-amino acids and neurophysiology may involve the significant contribution of D-Serine or D-Aspartate to the synaptic function, including neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Gut-microbiota could play important roles in the brain-function, since bacteria in the gut provide a significant contribution to the host pool of D-amino acids. In addition, the alteration of the composition of the gut microbiota might lead to schizophrenia. Furthermore, D-amino acids are known as a physiologically active substance, constituting useful biomarkers of several brain disorders including schizophrenia.
  • 1.4K
  • 17 May 2022
Topic Review
Distance Education in Europe
During the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, teaching and learning changed massively. Instead of learning in a common place—the classroom—at a common time, the pandemic situation led to a spatial and temporal separation of students and teachers. This unforeseen and unprepared phase of distance education that occurred in spring 2020 is termed emergency remote teaching . The term ERT describes the temporary shift of instruction to distance and the rapid establishment of alternative ways to teach in order to maintain some form of school education. Teaching during ERT was mostly achieved by the means of digital media and the internet. This reorganization of the teaching “shocked teachers at all levels and at the same time inspired them to find solutions to problems they have not encountered before”. As part of the urgent search for new teaching methods and the need to find creative solutions to the problems they faced, teachers all over the world aimed to develop a new form of continuity in education: the implementation of online education as the “new normal”.
  • 1.4K
  • 17 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Adiponectin System (Rescue Hormone)
The adipose tissue, regardless of its role in generating and storing energy, acts as a key player as an endocrine tissue, producing a wide scale of cytokines/hormones called adipokines. Adipokines such as leptin, resistin, visfatin and osteopontin own pro-inflammatory effects on the cardiovascular system in some cases. In contrast, some adipokines have cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory impacts including adiponectin, omentin, and apelin.
  • 1.4K
  • 12 Jul 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 2728
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Reprints

>>
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Medieval Royal Iconography
Academic Video Service
Feedback