Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Tumour Immune Microenvironment
Targeting altered tumour metabolism is an emerging therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. The metabolic reprogramming that accompanies the development of malignancy creates targetable differences between cancer cells and normal cells, which may be exploited for therapy. In this entry, we focus on the metabolic dysregulation exerted by tumour cells on the immune microenvironment, leading to tumour immunosuppression. This metabolic rewiring and crosstalk with the tumour microenvironment also play a key role in cell proliferation, metastasis, and the development of treatment resistance. Nonetheless, greater understanding of the metabolic crosstalk presents strategies that aid in the precision targeting of altered tumour metabolism, including therapeutic strategies combining metabolic inhibition with immunotherapy.
  • 714
  • 09 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Tumour Hypoxia-Mediated Immunosuppression
The magnitude of the host immune response can be regulated by either stimulatory or inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules. Receptor-ligand binding between inhibitory molecules is often exploited by tumours to suppress anti-tumour immune responses. Immune checkpoint inhibitors that block these inhibitory interactions can relieve T-cells from negative regulation, and have yielded remarkable activity in the clinic. 
  • 727
  • 29 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Tumour Hypoxia
Tumour hypoxia is significantly correlated with patient survival and treatment outcomes. At the molecular level, hypoxia is a major driving factor for tumour progression and aggressiveness. There have been extensive studies to target tumour hypoxia and here are some examples of historical methods as well as new approaches. 
  • 997
  • 03 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Tumour Heterogeneity in Gastroenteropancreatic-Neoplasms
Tumour heterogeneity is a common phenomenon in gastroenteropancreatic (GEP)-neoplasms (NENs) and has a negative impact on treatment success and prognosis as it produces cell clones that do not express treatment targets (i.e., SSTR, mammalian target of rapamycin–mTOR- signalling pathway, Ki-67).
  • 367
  • 06 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Tumour Derived Extracellular Vesicles
Tumour onset and development occur because of specific immune support. The immune system, which is originally able to perceive and eliminate incipient cancer cells, becomes suppressed and hijacked by cancer. For these purposes, tumour cells use extracellular vesicles (TEVs). Specific molecular composition allows TEVs to reprogram immune cells towards tumour tolerance. Circulating TEVs move from their site of origin to other organs, preparing “a fertile soil” for metastasis formation. 
  • 521
  • 21 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Tumour Blood Vessels
Tumour blood vessels, characterised by abnormal morphology and function, create an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment via restricting the appropriate leucocyte subsets trafficking. Strategies to trigger phenotypic alteration in tumour vascular system to resemble normal vascular system, named vascular normalisation, promote effective trafficking of leucocytes into tumours through enhancing the interactions between leucocytes and endothelial cells. 
  • 385
  • 28 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Tumoroid
The term “tumoroid” means “tumor-like organoid”: tumoroids typically derive from primary tumors harvested from oncological patients and they can mimic human tumor microenvironment (TME); nowadays, they are considered a promising tool for cost-effective studies on novel anticancer drugs to be used in precision medicine in the field of oncology.
  • 4.6K
  • 18 Jun 2024
Topic Review
Tumorigenesis and Tumor Microenvironment in Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Unfortunately, therapeutic gains in the treatment of other cancers have not successfully translated to pancreatic cancer treatments. Management of pancreatic cancer is difficult due to the lack of effective therapies and the rapid development of drug resistance. In addition, various cell types in the tumor microenvironment exert immunosuppressive effects that worsen prognosis.
  • 304
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Tumor-targeting Monoclonal Antibodies
Tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are the most widely used and characterized immunotherapy for hematologic and solid tumors.
  • 425
  • 23 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Tumor-Specific MRI Biomarkers
Machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled the identification of highly predictive, disease-specific biomarkers. 
  • 464
  • 10 Dec 2021
  • Page
  • of
  • 5499
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback