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Topic Review
Germline POT1 Variants
Protection of Telomere 1 (POT1) was deemed as a novel high-penetrance susceptibility gene to cutaneous melanoma nearly 10 years ago. Thereafter, various cancers have been proposed as associated with germline POT1 variants in the context of the so-called POT1 Predisposition Tumor Syndrome (POT1–TPD). While the key role, and related risks, of the alterations in POT1 in melanoma are established, the correlation between germline POT1 variants and the susceptibility to other cancers partially lacks evidence, due also to the rarity of POT1–TPD. 
  • 133
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Development of Port Communication Systems
The efficient and sustainable operation of container terminals (CTs) plays a key role in global trade and in ensuring the sustainable functioning of transport chains. While larger container terminals utilise port communication systems (PCSs), smaller container terminals often face challenges when implementing similar systems due to resource constraints and unique operational characteristics.
  • 117
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Phenolic Compounds from Apples
Conditions in the gastrointestinal tract and microbial metabolism lead to biotransformation of parent, native phenolic compounds from apples into different chemical forms. Phenolic compounds from apples are found in the gastrointestinal tract in a variety of forms: native (flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids, flavonols, dihydrochalcones, and anthocyanins), degradation products, various metabolites, and catabolites. Native forms can show beneficial effects in the stomach and small intestine and during the beginning phase of digestion in the colon. Different products of degradation and phase II metabolites can be found in the small intestine and colon, while catabolites might be important for bioactivities in the colon.
  • 278
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Criteria for the Adoption of Sustainable Maintenance Practice
The evolution from traditional industrial maintenance to sustainable maintenance (SM) is pivotal within the existing industrial ecosystem. It represents a critical transition towards integrating sustainability principles into maintenance practices including environmental, social and economic outcomes. Increasingly focused on SM, the importance of understanding the impact of environmental initiatives and sustainability indicators becomes a focal point. However, the paradigm shift of SM is lagging in the industrial ecosystem. Although it marked a growing interest in the academic community, the lack of empirical studies and practical implications of adopting SM has been reported. Based on the Bayesian analysis, and the bibliometric and thematic analyses, the role of digital technologies in enhancing SM practices highlights the potential pathways for easier transition and applicability of sustainability-related maintenance practices.
  • 425
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Sustainable Supplier Evaluation
The disclosure of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) tasks, seen as companies’ performance of sustainability, has gradually became a necessity for listed enterprises.
  • 212
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Novel Alkaloids from Marine Streptomyces spp.
Natural alkaloids originating from actinomycetes and synthetic derivatives have always been among the important suppliers of small-molecule drugs. Among their biological sources, Streptomyces is the highest and most extensively researched genus. Marine-derived Streptomyces strains harbor unconventional metabolic pathways and have been demonstrated to be efficient producers of biologically active alkaloids; more than 60% of these compounds exhibit valuable activity such as antibacterial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory activities.
  • 151
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Constitutional SOX4 Variation in Human Disorders
SOX proteins are transcription factors which play a role in regulating the development of progenitor cells and tissue differentiation. Twenty members are known, clustered in eight groups named A through H and sharing a common DNA-binding domain called the HMG (high-mobility-group) box. Eleven of the SOX genes have been associated with genetic disorders so far, covering a broad spectrum of developmental diseases. SOX4 is a single-exon gene and belongs to the SOXC group, together with SOX11 and SOX12. SOX4 variants have been recently described to cause a highly penetrant but heterogeneous disorder, with a phenotypic spectrum ranging from mild developmental delays and learning difficulties to intellectual disabilities with congenital anomalies. Nineteen pathogenic variants have been reported to date, generally de novo, heterozygous, and inactivating, either stop–gain or missense, the latter ones primarily targeting the HMG domain.
  • 209
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Empowering Vocational Students
Vocational Education and Training (VET) faces significant challenges in equipping individuals for modern workplaces, which increasingly require digital literacy and Computational Thinking (CT) skills. A methodology primarily involves a systematic literature review, resulting in the identification of 29 relevant papers. Through qualitative content analysis, researchers develop a CT integration framework that connects CT practices and integration elements to the engineering design process, while highlighting the VET context. Arguably, the innovative aspect of this framework lies in its core dimensions of harnessing computational power for enhanced efficiency. Raising the question of whether computers can optimize the efficiency and effectiveness of specific tasks is paramount for addressing challenges in technology-rich environments. Therefore, this inquiry merits unwavering attention at every stage of the process. The proposed framework provides educators with a structured approach to identify integration opportunities and help prepare students for multifaceted vocational careers. Furthermore, other key findings underscore the inherently interdisciplinary nature of VET, the growing demand for STEM competencies, and the transformative potential of CT integration. Implications emphasize the need for further research, supportive policies, and practical CT integration.
  • 219
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Therapeutic Potential of Ganoderma lucidum in Cancer
Triterpenoids, such as ganoderic acid, and polysaccharides, including β-D-glucans, α-D-glucans, and α-D-mannans, are the main secondary metabolites of the medicinal fungus Ganoderma lucidum. There is evidence of the effects of ganoderic acid in hematological malignancies, whose mechanisms involve the stimulation of immune response, the macrophage-like differentiation, the activation of MAP-K pathway, an IL3-dependent cytotoxic action, the induction of cytoprotective autophagy, and the induction of apoptosis. In fact, this compound has been tested in twenty-six different human cancer cell types and has shown an anti-proliferative activity, especially in leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma lines. 
  • 144
  • 01 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Anakinra Therapy for Deficiency of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist
Deficiency of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (DIRA) is a rare life-threatening autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disease with symptoms including but not limited to osteomyelitis, periostitis, and systemic inflammation. DIRA is developed from the loss-of-function biallelic mutations of the IL1RN gene that encodes IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), leading to the unchecked pro-inflammatory signaling and subsequent systemic inflammation. 
  • 102
  • 01 Mar 2024
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