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Topic Review
Chamaeleon
Chamaeleon, a small and inconspicuous constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere, represents the chameleon, a creature known for its ability to change color and blend into its surroundings. Despite its modest size, Chamaeleon holds significance in astronomy for its proximity to the southern celestial pole and its role in studying star formation and stellar evolution.
  • 181
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Cetus
Cetus, known as the Whale, is a large constellation visible in the southern sky. In Greek mythology, Cetus represents the sea monster sent by Poseidon to terrorize the kingdom of Aethiopia, eventually slain by Perseus to rescue Andromeda. As one of the 88 recognized constellations, Cetus holds a special place in the realm of astronomy and mythology. 
  • 248
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Categories of Cloud-Based Interactive Applications
A cloud-based interactive application (CIA) is an application running in the cloud with stringent interactivity requirements, such as remote desktop and cloud gaming. These services have experienced a surge in usage, primarily due to the adoption of new remote work practices during the pandemic and the emergence of entertainment schemes similar to cloud gaming platforms. Evaluating the quality of experience (QoE) in these applications requires specific metrics, including interactivity time, responsiveness, and the assessment of video- and audio-quality degradation. 
  • 166
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
ATR Pathway as a Therapeutic Target for Cancer
The DNA damage response (DDR) system is a complicated network of signaling pathways that detects and repairs DNA damage or induces apoptosis. Critical regulators of the DDR network include the DNA damage kinases ataxia telangiectasia mutated Rad3-related kinase (ATR) and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM). The ATR pathway coordinates processes such as replication stress response, stabilization of replication forks, cell cycle arrest, and DNA repair. ATR inhibition disrupts these functions, causing a reduction of DNA repair, accumulation of DNA damage, replication fork collapse, inappropriate mitotic entry, and mitotic catastrophe. Data have shown that the inhibition of ATR can lead to synthetic lethality in ATM-deficient malignancies. In addition, ATR inhibition plays a significant role in the activation of the immune system by increasing the tumor mutational burden and neoantigen load as well as by triggering the accumulation of cytosolic DNA and subsequently inducing the cGAS-STING pathway and the type I IFN response. 
  • 131
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Current Trends in the Development of Fungal-Containing Consortia
There is growing interest in the creation of artificial microbial consortia, especially in the field of developing and applying various bioremediation processes. Heavy metals, dyes, synthetic polymers (microplastics), pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and pharmaceutical agents are among the pollutants that have been mainly targeted by bioremediation based on various consortia containing fungi and yeasts. Such consortia can be designed both for the treatment of soil and water. 
  • 129
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Machine Vision and Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0
With the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and its integration into various intelligent robotics, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, also known as Industry 4.0, managed to trigger changes. Its need has been emphasized in multiple situations, such as that of the COVID-19 pandemic, entering every area of human life, with Industry 4.0 being more and more involved in production processes. Industry 4.0 is an emerging concept that is multidisciplinary and complex. Leveraging not just one, but a patchwork of technologies that can work individually as well as in combination, Industry 4.0 strives to achieve a more general digital transformation with high expectations both in the production of products and services in real-time. This effort is mainly based on advanced computers with fast processors able to store, manage, process, and analyze a large amount of data, spending less time and resources than ever before.
  • 172
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Advanced Persistent Thread and Common Systems Behavioral Sources
The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) networks in Colombia and various global regions has unquestionably resulted in a significant increase in cyberattacks. This rapid expansion of interconnected devices carries significant implications for individuals, organizations, and governing entities.
  • 354
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Autocrine IGF-II-Associated Cancers
The paraneoplastic syndrome referred in the literature as non-islet-cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH) and extra-pancreatic tumor hypoglycemia (EPTH) was first reported almost a century ago, and the role of cancer-secreted IGF-II in causing this blood glucose-lowering condition has been widely established. The landscape emerging, based on molecular and cellular findings, supports a broader role for IGF-II in cancer biology beyond its involvement in the paraneoplastic syndrome. In particular, a few key findings are constantly observed during tumorigenesis, (a) a relative and absolute increase in fetal insulin receptor isoform (IRA) content, with (b) an increase in IGF-II high-molecular weight cancer-variants (big-IGF-II), and (c) a stage-progressive increase in the IGF-II autocrine signal in the cancer cell, mostly during the transition from benign to malignant growth. An increasing and still under-exploited combinatorial pattern of the IGF-II signal in cancer is shaping up in the literature with respect to its transducing receptorial system and effector intracellular network. Interestingly, while surgical and clinical reports have traditionally restricted IGF-II secretion to a small number of solid malignancies displaying paraneoplastic hypoglycemia, a retrospective literature analysis, along with publicly available expression data from patient-derived cancer cell lines conveyed in the present perspective, clearly suggests that IGF-II expression in cancer is a much more common event, especially in overt malignancy.
  • 119
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Glioblastoma Therapy with mRNA-Based Immunotherapies and Oncolytic Viruses
Glioblastoma multiforme (here termed GBM), one of the most aggressive and lethal primary brain tumors, poses a significant challenge in the field of neuro-oncology. The use of mRNA-based immunotherapies that leverage the genomes of oncolytic viruses holds significant promise in addressing glioblastoma (GBM), an exceptionally aggressive neurological tumor. 
  • 106
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Effects of PACAP on Schwann Cells
Schwann cells, the most abundant glial cells of the peripheral nervous system, represent the key players able to supply extracellular microenvironment for axonal regrowth and restoration of myelin sheaths on regenerating axons. Following nerve injury, Schwann cells respond adaptively to damage by acquiring a new phenotype. In particular, some of them localize in the distal stump to form the Bungner band, a regeneration track in the distal site of the injured nerve, whereas others produce cytokines involved in recruitment of macrophages infiltrating into the nerve damaged area for axonal and myelin debris clearance. Several neurotrophic factors, including pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), promote survival and axonal elongation of injured neurons. 
  • 112
  • 08 Mar 2024
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