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Topic Review
Landscape Value Perception in Rural Development
Rural Spaces are becoming increasingly multifunctional, which requires a spatial approach that combines the natural features of the landscape with the socio-economic and cultural factors that drive its change. The understanding and evaluation of local landscapes by local populations should be considered an important benchmark for the management and conservation of these landscapes.
  • 327
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Polyurea in Impact Penetration Resistance and Blast Mitigation
Polyurea has gained significant attention in recent years as a functional polymer material, specifically regarding blast and impact protection. The molecular structure of polyurea is characterized by the rapid reaction between isocyanate and the terminal amine component, and forms an elastomeric copolymer that enhances substrate protection against blast impact and fragmentation penetration. At the nanoscale, a phase-separated microstructure emerges, with dispersed hard segment microregions within a continuous matrix of soft segments. This unique microstructure contributes to the remarkable mechanical properties of polyurea. 
  • 446
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
The Omics Complexity in Sepsis
Sepsis is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the remarkable advances in modern medicine throughout the last century, the mortality rates associated with sepsis have remained significantly elevated, both in high- and low-income countries. The main difficulty in the diagnosis and treatment of septic patients is the tremendous heterogeneity of this condition. 
  • 109
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
COF-Based Photocatalysts for Enhanced Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide
Photocatalytic synthesis of H2O2 has emerged as a compelling alternative, offering the prospect of harnessing solar energy directly to drive chemical reactions, thereby circumventing the need for energy-intensive processes and deleterious chemicals.
  • 136
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Anomaly Detection in Autonomous Robotic Missions
An anomaly in autonomous robotic missions (ARM) is a deviation from the expected behaviour, performance, or state of the robotic system and its environment, which may impact the mission’s objectives, safety, or efficiency; and this anomaly can be caused either by system faults or the change in the environmental dynamics of interaction. The nuanced understanding of anomaly categories facilitates a more strategic approach, ensuring that detection methods are more effective in addressing the specific nature of the anomaly.
  • 443
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Sources and Types of Ultraviolet Radiation
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays a crucial role in the development of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The types of UV radiation are differentiated by wavelength: UVA (315 to 400 nm), UVB (280 to 320 nm), and UVC (100 to 280 nm). UV radiation can cause direct DNA damage in the forms of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs). In addition, UV radiation can also cause DNA damage indirectly through photosensitization reactions caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which manifest as 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanine (8-OHdG). Both direct and indirect DNA damage can lead to mutations in genes that promote the development of skin cancers.
  • 272
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Management of Melasma
Melasma is a commonly occurring pigmented skin condition that can significantly affect one’s appearance, described as symmetric hyperpigmentation that presents as irregular brown to gray-brown macules on various facial areas, such as the cheeks, forehead, nasal bridge, and upper lip, along with the mandible and upper arms. Due to its complex pathogenesis and recurrent nature, melasma management is challenging and the outcomes following treatment are not always deemed satisfactory. 
  • 159
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
IIoT and Other Industry 4.0 Technologies in O&G
Spare parts warehousing in the oil and gas industry is essential for offshore production. With the introduction of Industry 4.0 and its subsequent technological tools, new functions are enabled in industrial logistics activities. Efficiency, visibility, optimization, and productivity are often mentioned as benefits of successful Industry 4.0 technology implementation in logistics activities.
  • 114
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Functions of snoRNAs
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) constitute a class of intron-derived non-coding RNAs ranging from 60 to 300 nucleotides. snoRNAs canonically localize in the nucleolus where they play pivotal roles in pre-ribosomal RNA processing, guiding RNA modifications. Based on the type of modification they facilitate, namely methylation or pseudouridylation, they are classified into two main families—box C/D and box H/ACA snoRNAs. Investigations have revealed the unconventional synthesis and biogenesis strategies of snoRNAs, indicating more profound roles in pathogenesis than previously envisioned. 
  • 246
  • 11 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Meditation and Techno-Mindfulness
Mindful meditation has discernible effects on enhancing the mind’s focus, proving to “impact various components of attention, although the precise effects may depend on the meditation style practiced and the level of experience of the practitioner”. This success has precipitated the swift adoption of mindfulness as a therapeutic instrument. During its process of medicalization, which has turned meditation into a clinical product suitable for the therapeutic forms of Western biomedicine, mindfulness is also undergoing a further transformation, one that progressively integrates it into the techno-medical and digitalizing aspect of modern therapies. 
  • 284
  • 09 Mar 2024
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