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Topic Review
The Plethora of Microbes with Anti-Inflammatory Activities
Inflammation, which has important functions in human defense systems and in maintaining the dynamic homeostasis of the body, has become a major risk factor for the progression of many chronic diseases. Although the applied medical products alleviate the general status, they still exert adverse effects in the long term. For this reason, the solution should be sought in more harmless and affordable agents. Microorganisms offer a wide range of active substances with anti-inflammatory properties. They confer important advantages such as their renewable and inexhaustible nature.
  • 164
  • 21 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Urban Computing Framework for Smart and Sustainable Neighborhoods
Urban computing is the incorporation of computing, sensors, and actuation technology into urban life. In Saudi Arabia, the neighborhoods lack an integrated approach to social, economic, and environmental values, thereby creating consequences, such as inefficient mobility, poor environmental protection, low quality of life, and inadequate services or facilities. Saudi Arabia was used as a case study to develop an urban computing framework for smart sustainable neighborhood. 
  • 247
  • 21 Mar 2024
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
The Effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the Angiopoietin/Tie Axis and the Vascular Endothelium
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can cause potentially life-threatening coronavirus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 is a multisystem disease and is associated with significant respiratory distress, systemic hyperinflammation, vasculitis, and multi-organ failure. SARS-CoV-2 causes the deterioration of numerous systems, with increasing evidence implying that COVID-19 affects the endothelium and vascular function. The endothelium is important for preserving vascular tone and homeostasis. The overactivation and dysfunction of endothelial cells are significant outcomes of severity in patients with COVID-19. The Angiopoietin 1/Tie 2 pathway plays an important role in endothelium quiescence and vessel stability. The disruption of Angiopoietin/Tie balance affects the vessel contact barrier and leads to vessel leakage, and this in turn causes endothelial dysfunction. Although vascular instability through SARS-CoV-2 is associated with endothelial dysfunction, it is still not understood if the virus affects the Angiopoietin/Tie axis directly or via other mechanisms such as cytokine storm and/or immune response associated with the infection. This review provides an overview of the impact SARS-CoV-2 has on endothelial function and more specifically on the Angiopoietin/Tie pathway.
  • 449
  • 21 Mar 2024
Topic Review
The Single Toxin Origin of Alzheimer’s Disease
New data suggest that the aggregation of misfolded native proteins initiates and drives the pathogenic cascade that leads to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Researchers propose a unifying single toxin theory of brain neurodegeneration that identifies new targets and approaches to the development of disease-modifying treatments. An extensive body of genetic evidence suggests soluble aggregates of beta-amyloid (Aβ) as the primary neurotoxin in the pathogenesis of AD. New insights from fluid biomarkers, imaging, and clinical studies provide further evidence for the decisive impact of toxic Aβ species in the initiation and progression of AD.
  • 140
  • 21 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Development of Pre-Eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy characterized by a state of multiorgan hypertensive disorders, with or without proteinuria and possible multiorgan dysfunction.
  • 178
  • 21 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Paraoxonase 1 and Its Implications in Various Diseases
Paraoxonase enzymes have a protective role due to their ability to contribute to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways, especially paraoxonase 1 (PON1). PON1 is diminished in infectious diseases, it can be used as a marker, and it can lead to lower protection against the microorganism; therefore, it can play a part in the development of antibiotic resistance.
  • 127
  • 21 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Urbanisation on Green Growth within Sustainable Development Goals
Urbanisation enhances dissemination of the green knowledge and innovative technologies, bridging gaps in living conditions and making services (health, digital, etc.) available and affordable.
  • 280
  • 21 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Melatonin in Viral, Bacterial and Parasitic Infections
The current view of the origin of melatonin (MLT), chemically defined as N-acetyl-5-methoxytriptamine, suggests that MLT appeared on earth about 2.5 billion years ago. Indeed, it is proposed that at that time, anaerobic bacteria developed the ability to synthesize MLT as an adaptative response to increasing concentrations of oxygen in the atmosphere.
  • 255
  • 21 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Glutamine, a Versatile Precursor for Biosynthesis and Bioenergetics
Glutamine, one of the most abundant amino acids in the body, plays diverse roles in cellular metabolism, ranging from bioenergetics to the synthesis of nucleotides, glutathione (GSH), and various other non-essential amino acids.
  • 120
  • 21 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Properties of Seashells
Researchers around the world have conducted extensive experiments with waste seashells in the form of seashell aggregates and seashell powder. The physical, mechanical, and durability properties of seashell concrete are largely determined by the properties of the aggregates and powders that make up the shell.
  • 415
  • 21 Mar 2024
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