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Topic Review
Barriers and Enables in Demand Response Performance Chain
The role of demand response increases considerably with a higher share of renewable energy sources in the energy mix, characterized with more frequent energy market price fluctuations due to mismatch between uncontrollable weather-dependent production and currently relatively inflexible energy consumption. Reallocation of energy consumption from high-price hours to lower price hours helps to avoid extra costs to the entire economy and ensures the possibility to minimize fossil-based energy generation, therefore contributing to the achievement of zero-emission goals.
  • 295
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Under-Expanded Jets in Advanced Propulsion Systems
The current ongoing rise in environmental pollution is leading research efforts toward the adoption of propulsion systems powered by gaseous fuels like hydrogen, methane, e-fuels, etc. Although gaseous fuels have been used in several types of propulsion systems, there are still many aspects that can be improved and require further study. For this reason, researchers considered it important to provide a review of the latest research topics, with a particular focus on the injection process. In advanced engine systems, fuel supply is achieved via enhanced direct injection into the combustion chamber. The latter involves the presence of under-expanded jets. Under-expanded jets are a particular kind of compressible flow.
  • 287
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Recycled Waste Materials and Technologies in Asphalt Pavements
Given the prevailing concerns about greenhouse gas emissions, global warming, and the growing demand for renewable resources, the pavement industry, among others, is actively engaged in researching and exploring low-carbon materials and technologies. Despite the growing interest in low-carbon asphalt pavement, there is still a significant knowledge gap regarding the use of various waste materials and technologies to achieve this goal. 
  • 266
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Lane Detection
Lane detection is a vital component of intelligent driving systems, offering indispensable functionality to keep the vehicle within its designated lane, thereby reducing the risk of lane departure.
  • 386
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Nanofluids as a Waste Heat Recovery Medium
The thermal energy storage and conversion process possesses high energy losses in the form of waste heat. The losses associated with energy conversion achieve almost 90% of the worldwide energy supply, and approximately half of these losses are waste heat. Hence, waste heat recovery approaches intend to recuperate that large amount of wasted heat from chimneys, vehicles, and solar energy systems, among others. The novel class of thermal fluids designated by nanofluids has a high potential to be employed in waste heat recovery. It has already been demonstrated that nanofluids enhance energy recovery efficiency by more than 20%. Also, the use of nanofluids can improve the energy capacity of steelworks systems by around three times. In general, nanofluids can improve efficiency and reduce exergy destruction and carbon emissions in devices like heat exchangers.
  • 327
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Evaluation of Sourcing Decision for Hydrogen Supply Chain
The use of fossil fuels has caused many environmental issues, including greenhouse gas emissions and associated climate change. Several studies have focused on mitigating this problem. One dynamic direction for emerging sources of future renewable energy is the use of hydrogen energy.
  • 183
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Laboratory Testing and Classification of Mudrocks
Mudrocks are fine-grained clay-rich rocks that comprise different lithotypes forming more than 60% of all sedimentary rocks, and thus, they occur frequently in engineering projects either as natural ground or as made ground. These rocks may display a range of engineering behaviours controlled mostly by their composition and structural features. Due to rapid breakdown and susceptibility to volume changes, they may cause problems both during and after construction. Research into the susceptibility of mudrocks to breakdown aims to predict problematic behaviour and provide guidance for avoiding or mitigating these effects. Low-durability materials that disintegrate during sampling and testing can be especially difficult to assess. 
  • 232
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Bioethanol for Cooking
Bioethanol has been identified by the academic literature and in the development community as a promising clean fuel to replace charcoal. Bioethanol is one of the cooking fuels considered to be clean based on the 2014 WHO guidelines, which aim to reduce the health risks associated with exposure to indoor air pollution from household fuel combustion. 
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Genuine and Spoof Speech Signal Classification
Voice-controlled devices are in demand due to their hands-free controls. However, using voice-controlled devices in sensitive scenarios like smartphone applications and financial transactions requires protection against fraudulent attacks referred to as “speech spoofing”. The algorithms used in spoof attacks are practically unknown; hence, further analysis and development of spoof-detection models for improving spoof classification are required. A study of the spoofed-speech spectrum suggests that high-frequency features are able to discriminate genuine speech from spoofed speech well. Typically, linear or triangular filter banks are used to obtain high-frequency features. However, a Gaussian filter can extract more global information than a triangular filter. In addition, mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) features are preferable among other speech features because of their lower covariance.
  • 188
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Synthesis of Cellulose Nanocrystals
Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer on Earth. The roles of cellulose nanocrystals’ (CNC) nonlinear geometry in improved performance coatings are appealing for mini structures or device production; yet, CNC is an insulating material. The cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is a part of the organic crystallization macromolecular compound found in plant fibers and bacteria’s capsular polysaccharides. It has several properties, which include high strength, high crystallization, large physical properties, minimum density, and good biocompatibility. CNCs, with their exceptional mechanical, thermal, and optical properties, have emerged as a versatile and sustainable nanomaterial with the potential to revolutionize various industries.
  • 321
  • 18 Oct 2023
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