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Topic Review
Electromagnetic Fields Radiated by Electrostatic Discharges
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is a physical phenomenon that may destroy electronic components due to its high discharge current that may reach a few amperes in just a few ns. However, another major aspect of ESD is the related high-frequency electromagnetic (E/M) fields radiated by the ESD event. The electronic equipment that is affected by the ESD phenomenon is additionally affected by the induced voltages caused by these E/M fields. This is the reason that the current version of the IEC 61000-4-2 on ESD has a special reference to these fields and the measurement setup. 
  • 442
  • 20 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Electromagnetic Microrobotic Platforms for Biomedical Applications
Magnetic microrobotics is a promising technology for improving minimally invasive surgery (MIS) with the ambition of enhancing patient care and comfort. The potential benefits include limited incisions, less hemorrhaging and postoperative pain, and faster recovery time. To achieve this, a key issue relies on the design of a proper electromagnetic actuation (EMA) setup which is based on the use of magnetic sources. The magnetic field and its gradient generated by the EMA platform is then used to induce magnetic torque and force for microrobot manipulations inside the human body. Like any control systems, the EMA system must be adapted to the given controlled microrobot and customized for the application. 
  • 776
  • 24 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Electromagnetic Vibrational Energy Harvesting Principles
As industries need more real-time monitoring and interconnected systems, the demand for wireless sensors expands. Vibrational energy harvesters are a potential solution for powering these sensors, as vibrations commonly exist where monitoring occurs. Developments in low-power circuitry have also led to the feasibility of these types of harvesters. Electromagnetic harvesters are a standout among various types of vibrational harvesters due to their ability to capture kinetic energy in a low-frequency range. This leads to these devices being more applicable in real-world applications where ambient vibrations are typical of having low frequencies.
  • 1.3K
  • 04 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Electromechanics
In engineering, electromechanics combines processes and procedures drawn from electrical engineering and mechanical engineering. Electromechanics focuses on the interaction of electrical and mechanical systems as a whole and how the two systems interact with each other. This process is especially prominent in systems such as those of DC or AC rotating electrical machines which can be designed and operated to generate power from a mechanical process (generator) or used to power a mechanical effect (motor). Electrical engineering in this context also encompasses electronics engineering. Electromechanical devices are ones which have both electrical and mechanical processes. Strictly speaking, a manually operated switch is an electromechanical component due to the mechanical movement causing an electrical output. Though this is true, the term is usually understood to refer to devices which involve an electrical signal to create mechanical movement, or vice versa mechanical movement to create an electric signal. Often involving electromagnetic principles such as in relays, which allow a voltage or current to control another, usually isolated circuit voltage or current by mechanically switching sets of contacts, and solenoids, by which a voltage can actuate a moving linkage as in solenoid valves. Before the development of modern electronics, electromechanical devices were widely used in complicated subsystems of parts, including electric typewriters, teleprinters, clocks, initial television systems, and the very early electromechanical digital computers. Solid-state electronics have replaced electromechanics in many applications.
  • 754
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Electromigration
Electromigration is the transport of material caused by the gradual movement of the ions in a conductor due to the momentum transfer between conducting electrons and diffusing metal atoms. The effect is important in applications where high direct current densities are used, such as in microelectronics and related structures. As the structure size in electronics such as integrated circuits (ICs) decreases, the practical significance of this effect increases.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Electromyography
Electromyography (EMG) is a bioelectrical signal to assess electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. In the study of muscle fatigue, the electrophysiological measurement of muscles play a crucial role in collecting electrical signals from skeletal muscles. Since EMG signals usually contain a certain amount of noise, it is essential to obtain high quality data in the early stage. In addition, people prefer a painless and comfortable method when recording muscle contraction signals.  This review addresses the EMG data collection methods with good quality and less pain, their applications, and the examples of actual EMG data analysis.
  • 3.0K
  • 20 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Electron (Rocket)
Electron is a two-stage orbital expendable launch vehicle (with an optional third stage) developed by the American aerospace company Rocket Lab to service the commercial small satellite launch segment. Its Rutherford engines, manufactured in California , are the first electric-pump-fed engine to power an orbital rocket. In December 2016, Electron completed flight qualification. The first rocket was launched on 25 May 2017, reaching space but not achieving orbit due to a glitch in communication equipment on the ground. During its second flight on 21 January 2018, Electron reached orbit and deployed three CubeSats. The first commercial launch of Electron, and the third launch overall, occurred on 11 November 2018.
  • 1.3K
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Electronic Leash
An electronic leash is the pairing (“leashing”) of one or more wireless devices to a host device that allows the user to find misplaced or out-of-sight objects by activating the host device such that the “leashed” object identifies itself. The system is identical in concept to a key pager, but offers multiple codes that allow a single user-operated device to send codes to a large number of objects. Leash systems generally also offer a form of distance measurement that raises an alarm if the leashed object travels more than a selected distance from the operator. An electronic leash with a paired devices usually includes a power source, transmitter and receiver. Optional elements can include tactile, auditory, or visual indicators to help the user realize the distance traveled from the object is past the maximum. Along with the physical elements, it is very common to have a computer program or mobile application to allow for modification of factory settings of distance allowed from source to receiver and the indication of this event occurring.
  • 596
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Electronic Nose and Traditional Methods of Ammonia Detection
Ammonia (NH3) represents a perilous gas that poses a substantial hazard to both human well-being and the environment, particularly within agricultural regions. Agricultural activities constitute a primary source of ammonia emissions. Thus, effective monitoring and measurement of ammonia sources in agriculture are imperative for mitigating its adverse impact. However, not all existing ammonia detection methods are suitable for discerning the low concentrations typically encountered in agricultural ammonia volatilizing (ranging from 0.01 to 5 parts per million). Consequently, curtailing ammonia volatilization from farmland assumes paramount importance, with real-time monitoring serving as a crucial mechanism for assessing environmental contamination and minimizing agricultural ammonia losses. Deploying appropriate detection methodologies ensures that requisite measures are taken to safeguard human health and the environment from the deleterious repercussions of ammonia exposure.
  • 574
  • 09 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Electronic Skin
Mimicking skin sensorial properties, the development of “electronic skin” (e-skin) holds the promise of developing medical monitoring and highly sensitive prosthetic devices, biocompatible compliant medical implants, enhanced robotics, and more. The e-skin-related research field is a robust interdisciplinary approach, which combines micro-/nanoelectronics, material science, biotechnology, data transmission, and data processing technologies. The potential of epidermal electronics as biomimetic sensors, soft neural probes, prosthetics, implantable biomedical electronics, robotics, and a whole range of other skin-inspired devices show great potential to change the world. Its feasibility, however, relies on the desired e-skin characteristics such as flexibility, stretchability, self-healing ability, self-powering, biocompatibility, biodegradability and last, but not least, the reliability of large-scale manufacturing processes. 
  • 4.2K
  • 18 Oct 2021
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