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Topic Review
Waste Energy Recovery in Internal Combustion Engines
Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) is a very interesting opportunity since almost two-thirds of fuel energy is not converted into mechanically useful energy. Moreover, the integration with other thermal streams on board (cooling and lubricating mediums, EGR cooling) can add further value to the recovery opportunity as well as the concept of managing the engine thermal management which can produce a sensible contribution that is appreciated mainly during urban driving. A huge scientific effort is underway, and a great expectation is perceptible. More generally, the technological options that can achieve a reduction in overall fuel consumption and, thus, the improvement of global engine efficiency, are the most valuable when they can be introduced without massive changes to the engine layout. This happens in all the energy applications in which Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) are involved since the recovery unit can be introduced in the exhaust line. The mechanical energy recovered can be easily transformed into electrical energy, so represents an interesting integration with the hybrid propulsion powertrains. 
  • 596
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Resilient UAV Swarms
UAVs have rapidly become prevalent in applications related to surveillance, military operations, and disaster relief. Their low cost, operational flexibility, and unmanned capabilities make them ideal for accomplishing tasks in areas deemed dangerous for humans to enter. They can also accomplish previous high-cost and labor-intensive tasks, such as land surveying, in a faster and cheaper manner. Researchers studying UAV applications have realized that a swarm of UAVs working collaboratively on tasks can achieve better results. The dynamic work environment of UAVs makes controlling the vehicles a challenge. 
  • 344
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Elevator Technology Improvements: A Snapshot
Efficient vertical transportation is vital to a skyscraper’s functional operation and the convenience and satisfaction of its tenants. This review complements the author’s previously published research by updating the readers on innovative hardware and software-based solutions. It lays out, organizes, and combines extensive and scattered material on numerous aspects of elevator design in a straightforward and non-technical narrative. Rope-less elevators, the MULTI, artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and extended reality technologies are some of the developments and advancements this article examines. The analysis also contextualizes current technical developments by reviewing how they are used in significant projects such as the One World Trade Center in New York City. Lastly, the paper examines innovative technologies, such as holographic elevator buttons and ultraviolet rays that disinfect elevators, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • 1.3K
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Electro-Thermal Modeling of Electric Motor Drive
Electro-thermal modeling is a process of creating a mathematical model to simulate the electrical and thermal behavior of an electric motor drive system. This modeling technique is used to predict the performance of the motor under different operating conditions and to optimize its design for efficiency and reliability. Electric motor drives are used in a wide range of applications, including industrial machinery, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. However, these systems can suffer from decreased efficiency and reliability due to the impact of temperature on their performance. Electro-thermal modeling is used to address these issues by accurately simulating the motor's behavior under different temperature conditions. The modeling process involves using software tools to create a mathematical model that includes the electrical and thermal properties of the motor. This model can then be used to simulate the motor's behavior under different loads and temperatures, allowing engineers to predict the motor's performance and optimize its design. One key advantage of electro-thermal modeling is that it allows engineers to identify potential issues in the motor's design and operation before they occur in the real world. By analyzing the motor's behavior under different conditions, engineers can identify areas where the motor is operating inefficiently or experiencing excessive temperatures. They can then modify the motor's design or operating conditions to improve its efficiency and reliability. Thus, electro-thermal modeling is an essential tool for designing and optimizing electric motor drive systems. By accurately simulating the motor's behavior under different conditions, engineers can create more efficient, reliable, and long-lasting motor systems that meet the needs of various applications.
  • 882
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Deep Learning Based Demand Forecasting in Smart Grids
Smart grids are able to forecast customers’ consumption patterns, i.e., their energy demand, and consequently electricity can be transmitted after taking into account the expected demand. To face demand forecasting challenges, where the data generated by smart grids is huge, modern data-driven techniques need to be used. In this scenario, Deep Learning models are a good alternative to learn patterns from customer data and then forecast demand for different forecasting horizons. Among the commonly used Artificial Neural Networks, Long Short-Term Memory networks—based on Recurrent Neural Networks—are playing a prominent role.
  • 401
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Harmonics Affect Power Quality
Harmonic estimation is essential for mitigating or suppressing harmonic distortions in power systems. 
  • 917
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Biorecovery of Critical Raw Materials through Archaeal factory
Bio-metallurgy is a promising alternative for e-waste valorisation based on biological routes of specialised microorganisms able to leach solid-containing metals. Because of the physiology of these microorganisms, microbial leaching can be economically feasible, besides being an environmentally sustainable process. Like Bacteria and Fungi, Archaea are also capable of metal leaching activity, though their potential is underestimated. Because of the physiology of these microorganisms, microbial leaching can be both economically and environmentally sustainable. Archaea, Bacteria and Fungi, are capable of metal leaching activity, although their potential is underappreciated.
  • 352
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Augmented Reality in Minimally Invasive Surgery Procedures
Augmented reality (AR) technology is gaining increasing interest in the development of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) procedures. The main application areas can be divided into three main groups: Navigation, education and training, and user-environment interfaces. Although AR-guided navigation systems do not yet offer a precision advantage, benefits include improved ergonomics and visualization, as well as reduced surgical time and blood loss. Benefits are also seen in improved education and training conditions and improved user environment interfaces, which may indirectly influence MIS procedures. Controlled studies with large case numbers and standardized outcome parameters and reporting are lacking to confirm the added value for clinical use.
  • 320
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Detection of Seed Vigor Based on Optical Methods
Optics is an ancient science, with the advancement of laser technology, optical engineering, and information technology, optical detection technology has gained a resurgence. The theoretical basis for the application of modern optical methods to the detection of seed vigor is that light irradiation on the surface of seeds will produce reflection, scattering, and transmission phenomena, accompanied by changes in parameters such as frequency, phase, and polarization state. In different vigor stages, the contents and content of nucleic acid, starch, enzyme, and protein inside the seed have a predictable change, and the reflected, scattered, and transmitted light information generated by the interaction with the light field can inform the internal composition and quality of the seed. Existing optical detection methods for seed vitality mainly include machine vision detection, near-infrared spectroscopy, hyperspectral detection, Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and seed exhalation gas spectroscopy.
  • 371
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Application of Waste Powder in Pervious Concrete
According to the literature, the annual global consumption of concrete had reached 25 billion tons in 2009. Cement is an important component of concrete, and the global cement production is approximately 4.1 billion tons per year. However, the production of 1 ton of Portland cement can emit between 730–850 kg of CO2. Waste powder is mainly derived from the waste of industrial production or volcanic activities. If not reutilized, such waste powder will cause serious environmental problems.
  • 644
  • 04 May 2023
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