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Topic Review
Practical Considerations for Next-Generation Adjuvant Development and Translation
Throughout the last two decades, there has been increasing focus on the discovery and translation of new immune-stimulating agents. These compounds are often collectively referred to as adjuvants due to their precedent of use in vaccine development. There has been an expansion in the application of adjuvants in oncology and other areas as the understanding and definition of adjuvants continue to grow. Adjuvants stimulate key cell types in the innate immune system and can influence the scale and class of immune response directed towards a given antigen or antigens.
  • 526
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Theoretical Background of SMS Sensors
SMS (single mode–multi mode–single mode) sensors' structures are constituted by splicing a multi-mode-no-core fiber (MMF-NC, also known as coreless)-defined segment to two single-mode fiber pigtails.
  • 471
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Grouping Sensors in Wireless Sensor Networks
As sensor nodes communicate via wireless channels, information security is essential for wireless sensor networks. Efficient protection mechanisms to ensure data security among nodes are critical.
  • 275
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Gait Analysis in Neurorehabilitation
Gait analysis can be performed through laboratory systems, non-wearable sensors (NWS), and/or wearable sensors (WS). Using these tools, physiotherapists and neurologists have more objective measures of motion function and can plan tailored and specific gait and balance training early to achieve better outcomes and improve patients’ quality of life. 
  • 321
  • 06 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Development of the Generation of Solar Cells
Solar energy is of prime importance in all renewable energy sources as the Sun shines at the Earth for 8 to 10 h on average. Thus, heat can be harnessed to generate electricity, but solar cells are not substantially efficient because the materials used in them are quite costly and waste a considerable amount of energy, mostly as heat, which subsequently reduces the efficiency of the cell and increases the overall price as well. These challenges can be dealt with by designing more efficient, economical systems of storage and manufacturing PV cells with high efficacy. Scientists and engineers are more inclined toward advanced technologies and material manipulation to enhance the efficiency of solar energy and reduce its cost.
  • 393
  • 06 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Types of High-Temperature Fixed-Bed Particle Solar Receivers
Among a large number of receivers, the fixed-bed Particle Solar Receiver (PSR) represents a new pathway to high temperature with maximum overall thermal efficiency. The incoming solar radiation can penetrate deeper into the fixed-bed PSR filled with semi-transparent quartz and ceramic particles (spheres or Raschig rings), resulting in an increased volumetric effect. The semi-transparent PSR is full of the quartz glass spheres and/or quartz glass Raschig rings with smooth surfaces for high-temperature applications. The opaque PSR utilizes the ceramic material (e.g., silicon carbide, zirconium oxide and aluminium oxide) or a high-temperature alloy as heating particles. The mixed PSR is defined as a PSR that is full of mixed particles with various optical performances, namely, some quartz glass particles and other opaque particles.
  • 268
  • 06 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Machine Learning in Network Security
The Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is an effective tool utilized in cybersecurity systems to detect and identify intrusion attacks. Traditional IDS methods rely heavily on signature-based approaches, which are limited in their ability to detect novel and sophisticated attacks. To overcome these limitations, researchers and practitioners have started to explore the integration of machine learning techniques into IDS design. Machine learning (ML) has demonstrated remarkable success in various domains, including natural language processing, computer vision, and pattern recognition. Leveraging ML algorithms in the realm of networking cybersecurity offers promising opportunities to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of intrusion detection systems.
  • 316
  • 06 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Post-Consumer Plastic Waste Management
Challenges associated with plastic waste management range from littering to high collection costs to low recycling rates. Effective collection of plastics is obviously an important step in the management of plastic waste and has an impact on recycling rates.
  • 385
  • 06 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Autonomous Vehicle and Adverse Weather Conditions
The development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is becoming increasingly important as the need for reliable and safe transportation grows. However, in order to achieve level 5 autonomy, it is crucial that such AVs can navigate through complex and unconventional scenarios. It has been observed that currently deployed AVs, like human drivers, struggle the most in cases of adverse weather conditions, unsignalized intersections, crosswalks, roundabouts, and near-accident scenarios.
  • 439
  • 06 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Natural-Colored Photonic Structures with Cellulose-Based Materials
Structural coloration has become a fascinating field of research, inspiring scientists and engineers to explore the vibrant colors observed in nature and develop bio-inspired photonic structures for various applications. Cellulose-based materials derived from plant fibers offer a promising platform for mimicking natural photonic structures. Their abundance, renewability, and versatility in form and structure make them ideal for engineering specific optical properties.
  • 362
  • 06 Jul 2023
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