Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Control System of Wind Diesel Hybrid Systems
In regions with high renewable energy sources (RES) potential, hybrid energy systems based on diesel generators (DG) and RES are used providing diesel fuel economy. Wind diesel hybrid systems (WDHS) and wind solar diesel hybrid systems (WSDHS) are mostly widespread. The WDHS control system should select the system’s optimum operation, providing the maximum use of wind power within the whole range of wind speeds and load power. The current algorithms and control methods of WDHS and integrated WT, providing optimal scheduling and diesel fuel economy. WDHS use energy management system (EMS) and algorithms, maintaining frequency and voltage values in the system. WT control systems are used prediction methods of wind turbine (WT) energy generation, algorithms of the maximum power point tracker (MPPT) and optimal operation selection. The optimization methods of energy storage systems (ESS) charge/discharge modes are used as well.
  • 741
  • 10 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Control Techniques in Photovoltaic Systems
Complex control structures are required for the operation of photovoltaic electrical energy systems. In this paper, a general review of the controllers used for photovoltaic systems is presented. This entry is based on the most recent papers presented in the literature. The control architectures considered are complex hybrid systems that combine classical and modern techniques, such as artificial intelligence and statistical models. The main contribution of this paper is the synthesis of a generalized control structure and the identification of the latest trends. The main findings are summarized in the development of increasingly robust controllers for operation with improved efficiency, power quality, stability, safety, and economics.
  • 7.7K
  • 19 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Control Technology for a Geological Bedding Bias Tunnel
The Baishitou Tunnel of the Dali–Lincang railway project is a weakly cemented surrounding rock tunnel with geological bedding bias. The deformation of the surrounding rock on the side with the greatest stress is nearly 1 m, which seriously affects construction progress and significantly increases construction cost. In order to achieve the goal of safe, efficient, economic, and socially sustainable development in tunnel construction, it is necessary to study the large deformation of weakly cemented surrounding rock in the geological bedding bias tunnel.
  • 166
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Control Technology of Offshore Wind Power Systems
As global energy crises and climate change intensify, offshore wind energy, as a renewable energy source, is given more attention globally. The wind power generation system is fundamental in harnessing offshore wind energy, where the control and design significantly influence the power production performance and the production cost.
  • 358
  • 06 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Control-Based 4D Printing
Building on the recent progress of four-dimensional (4D) printing to produce dynamic structures, this study aimed to bring this technology to the next level by introducing control-based 4D printing to develop adaptive 4D-printed systems with highly versatile multi-disciplinary applications, including medicine, in the form of assisted soft robots, smart textiles as wearable electronics and other industries such as agriculture and microfluidics. This study introduced and analyzed adaptive 4D-printed systems with an advanced manufacturing approach for developing stimuli-responsive constructs that organically adapted to environmental dynamic situations and uncertainties as nature does. The adaptive 4D-printed systems incorporated synergic integration of three-dimensional (3D)-printed sensors into 4D-printing and control units, which could be assembled and programmed to transform their shapes based on the assigned tasks and environmental stimuli. This paper demonstrates the adaptivity of these systems via a combination of proprioceptive sensory feedback, modeling and controllers, as well as the challenges and future opportunities they present.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Controller Area Network Cybersecurity
The Controller Area Network, commonly referred to as Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, is a serial standard for field buses that is primarily employed in the automotive industry. It was introduced in the 1980s by Robert Bosch as a means to connect various electronic control units (ECUs).
  • 454
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Controlling Upper Limb Prostheses Using Sonomyography
A ground-breaking study by Zheng et al. investigated whether ultrasound imaging of the forearm might be used to control a powered prosthesis, and the term “sonomyography” (SMG) was coined by the group. Ultrasound signals have recently garnered the interest of researchers in the area of HMIs because they can collect information from both superficial and deep muscles and so provide more comprehensive information than other techniques. Due to the great spatiotemporal resolution and specificity of ultrasound measurements of muscle deformation, researchers have been able to infer fine volitional motor activities, such as finger motions and the dexterous control of robotic hands.
  • 373
  • 27 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Convair B-36 Variants
The development of the Convair B-36 strategic bomber began in 1941 with the XB-36, which was intended to meet the strategic needs of the US Army Air Forces , and later of the United States Air Force with its Strategic Air Command. In 1948, the B-36 become a mainstay of the American nuclear deterrent. It underwent a number of design changes before being withdrawn from service in 1959. It was also well suited to high altitude very long range reconnaissance missions, and several alterations were made with this mission profile in mind.
  • 489
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Conventional PCI
Conventional PCI, often shortened to PCI, is a local computer bus for attaching hardware devices in a computer. PCI is an abbreviation for Peripheral Component Interconnect and is part of the PCI Local Bus standard. The PCI bus supports the functions found on a processor bus but in a standardized format that is independent of any particular processor's native bus. Devices connected to the PCI bus appear to a bus master to be connected directly to its own bus and are assigned addresses in the processor's address space. It is a parallel bus, synchronous to a single bus clock. Attached devices can take either the form of an integrated circuit fitted onto the motherboard itself (called a planar device in the PCI specification) or an expansion card that fits into a slot. The PCI Local Bus was first implemented in IBM PC compatibles, where it displaced the combination of several slow ISA slots and one fast VESA Local Bus slot as the bus configuration. It has subsequently been adopted for other computer types. Typical PCI cards used in PCs include: network cards, sound cards, modems, extra ports such as USB or serial, TV tuner cards and disk controllers. PCI video cards replaced ISA and VESA cards until growing bandwidth requirements outgrew the capabilities of PCI. The preferred interface for video cards then became AGP, itself a superset of PCI, before giving way to PCI Express. The first version of PCI found in retail desktop computers was a 32-bit bus using a 33 MHz bus clock and 5 V signalling, although the PCI 1.0 standard provided for a 64-bit variant as well. These have one locating notch in the card. Version 2.0 of the PCI standard introduced 3.3 V slots, physically distinguished by a flipped physical connector to prevent accidental insertion of 5 V cards. Universal cards, which can operate on either voltage, have two notches. Version 2.1 of the PCI standard introduced optional 66 MHz operation. A server-oriented variant of PCI, called PCI-X (PCI Extended) operated at frequencies up to 133 MHz for PCI-X 1.0 and up to 533 MHz for PCI-X 2.0. An internal connector for laptop cards, called Mini PCI, was introduced in version 2.2 of the PCI specification. The PCI bus was also adopted for an external laptop connector standard – the CardBus. The first PCI specification was developed by Intel, but subsequent development of the standard became the responsibility of the PCI Special Interest Group (PCI-SIG). Conventional PCI and PCI-X are sometimes called Parallel PCI in order to distinguish them technologically from their more recent successor PCI Express, which adopted a serial, lane-based architecture. PCI's heyday in the desktop computer market was approximately 1995–2005. PCI and PCI-X have become obsolete for most purposes; however, they are still common on modern desktops for the purposes of backwards compatibility and the low relative cost to produce. Many kinds of devices previously available on PCI expansion cards are now commonly integrated onto motherboards or available in USB and PCI Express versions.
  • 1.0K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Conventional Roller Compaction Method
As an empirical control method, the conventional compaction has the characteristics of manual driving, construction site supervision, manual recording, and sampling point detection. Currently, conventional compaction methods can be divided into four types: sampling point detection, prediction and simulation analysis, construction site supervision, and influencing factor analysis. In actual engineering, conventional compaction methods mainly rely on the manual control of compaction parameters (such as the number of compaction times, compaction trajectory, vibration frequency, lift thickness, and driving speed) during construction, as well as the sampling point detection (such as compactness or dry density) of specified locations after construction to ensure compaction quality of earthwork.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Apr 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 678
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback