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Topic Review
Exploring Huntington’s Disease Diagnosis via Artificial Intelligence-Powered Models
Huntington’s Disease (HD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric symptoms. The early and accurate diagnosis of HD is crucial for effective intervention and patient care. 
  • 176
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Robotic Material Processing
The need to produce from soft materials or components in extra-large sizes has appeared, requiring special solutions that are affordable using industrial robots. Industrial robots are suitable for such tasks due to their flexibility, accuracy, and consistency in machining operations. However, robot implementation faces some limitations, such as a huge variety of materials and tools, low adaptability to environmental changes, flexibility issues, a complicated tool path preparation process, and challenges in quality control. Industrial robotics applications include cutting, milling, drilling, and grinding procedures on various materials, including metal, plastics, and wood. Advanced robotics technologies involve the latest advances in robotics, including integrating sophisticated control systems, sensors, data fusion techniques, and machine learning algorithms. These innovations enable robots to adapt better and interact with their environment, ultimately increasing their accuracy.
  • 527
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
IoT-Edge-Cloud Continuum Systems
The rapid growth in the number of interconnected devices on the Internet (referred to as the Internet of Things—IoT), along with the huge volume of data that are exchanged and processed, has created a new landscape in network design and operation. Due to the limited battery size and computational capabilities of IoT nodes, data processing usually takes place on external devices.
  • 312
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Improving Semantic Segmentation Performance in Underwater Images
Semantic segmentation is an important task for the various fields of robotics, which often relies on visual data from cameras. Semantic segmentation is increasingly used in exploration by underwater robots, for example in autonomous navigation so that the robot can recognise the elements of its environment during the mission to avoid collisions. Other applications are found in the search for archaeological artefacts, in the inspection of underwater structures or in species monitoring.
  • 119
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Optimizing Smart Energy Infrastructure in Smart Ports
To lessen the environmental impact of the maritime industry, ports must decarbonize in conformity with various standards such as the European Green Deal and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this regard, they must demonstrate integrated low-emission energy production, distribution, and supply, as well as sustainable alternative infrastructure for refueling ships, cargo handling equipment, and other vehicles inside port boundaries. To address this issue, ports must progress toward smartening their operations. This requires intelligent infrastructure and components, with smart energy infrastructure being one of the most crucial ones. It is a part of port energy management systems (EMSs) and works based on modern technology to balance energy demand, distributions, and supply while transitioning to renewable energies. 
  • 240
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Thermophysical Properties of Nanofluids and PCMs
Nanofluids can enhance the thermal conductivity of the base fluids by up to 100%. In addition, it was also reported that the simultaneous use of PCMs and nanofluids enhances the overall, thermal, and electrical efficiencies of solar thermal energy storage systems and photovoltaic-nano-enhanced PCM systems. The capability of storing substantial quantities of latent energy of between 100 MJ/m3 and 250 MJ/m3 and energy densities of from 150 MJ/m3 to 430 MJ/m3 for organic and inorganic PCMs, respectively, makes them very promising alternatives for thermal energy storage purposes. 
  • 198
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Orbital Angular Momentum Light from Azopolymer Thin Films
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) encoding is a promising technique to boost data transmission capacity in optical communications. Azobenzene films have gained attention as a versatile tool for creating and altering OAM-carrying beams. Unique features of azobenzene films make it possible to control molecular alignment through light-induced isomerization about the azo bond. This feature enables the fabrication of diffractive optical devices such as spiral phase plates and holograms by accurately imprinting a phase profile on the incident light. By forming azobenzene sheets into diffractive optical elements, such as spiral phase plates, one can selectively create OAM-carrying beams. Due to the helical wavefront and phase variation shown by these beams, multiple distinct channels can be encoded within a single optical beam. This can significantly increase the data transmission capacity of optical communication systems with this OAM multiplexing technique. Additionally, holographic optical components made from azobenzene films can be used to build and reconstruct intricate wavefronts. It is possible to create OAM-based holograms by imprinting holographic designs on azobenzene films, which makes it simpler to control and shape optical beams for specific communication requirements. In addition, azobenzene-based materials can then be suitable for integration into optical communication devices because of their reconfigurability, compactness, and infrastructure compatibility, which are the main future perspectives for achieving OAM-based technologies for the next generation, among other factors.
  • 208
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Wind Turbines Operating under Hazard Environmental Conditions
Renewable energy use has accelerated due to global warming, depleting fossil fuel reserves, and stricter environmental regulations. Among renewable options, solar and wind energy have shown economic viability and global growth. Horizontal axis wind turbines offer promising solutions for sustainable energy demand. Since wind turbines operate in an open environment, their efficiency depends on environmental conditions. Hazard environmental conditions, such as icing, rainfall, hailstorms, dust or sand, insects’ collisions, increased humidity, and sea spray, result in degraded aerodynamic characteristics.
  • 117
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Performance of Unreinforced Masonry Walls in Compression
Unreinforced masonry (URM) is a construction of brick or concrete block unit that is joined together using mortar, without steel reinforcement. Because of the heterogeneous nature and difference in mechanical properties of the masonry elements, analyzing and capturing the structural behaviour of URM walls under various loading conditions is therefore complex. 
  • 410
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Produced Water Sustainability in Oil and Gas Sector
Oilfield produced water (PW) is the industry’s principal source of waste byproducts. Oil-producing countries, especially those with limited water resources, face significant difficulty in treating PW for recovery and reuse. Depending on its quality and content, PW can be treated using a variety of technologies. Numerous nations are currently undertaking substantial endeavors to ascertain efficacious and cost-effective treatment methodologies in order to rehabilitate their freshwater supplies. The compositions of pollutants play a major role in the selection of acceptable methods. According to the degree of contamination and the requirement for water quality, several treatment strategies can, therefore, be used. To successfully remove pollutants and/or lessen their detrimental effects on the environment, methods comprising physical, chemical, biological, and membrane treatments have been applied.
  • 428
  • 05 Dec 2023
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