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Topic Review
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Mine Closure/Rehabilitation Projects
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are being used more frequently nowadays because of advancements in sensor and control technologies. They can use a range of single-band, multispectral, and hyperspectral sensors, including those that function in visible, infrared, and microwave spectrums. Their application in heritage and archaeological site mapping, transportation, civil engineering, agriculture, landscape mapping, wildlife conservation, infrastructure inspection, and search and rescue have been investigated in several studies.
  • 140
  • 06 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Construction and Demolition Waste in Concrete Cement Production
Cement, being one of the most widely utilized materials for construction, plays a crucial role as the primary binder in concrete, leading to the formation of a durable, stone-like, hard material capable of withstanding various loads.
  • 442
  • 05 Feb 2024
Topic Review
BSC-Based Digital Transformation Strategy Selection and Sensitivity Analysis
The digital transformation era is ushering in a revolution in how businesses operate, communicate, and compete. This seismic shift is driven by technological advancements, changing customer expectations, and the need for greater efficiency and agility. In 1992, David Norton and Robert Kaplan introduced the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as a component of a strategic project management framework. The Kaplan–Norton BSC model emphasizes four well-rounded perspectives: financial, customer, internal business processes, and learning and growth.
  • 143
  • 05 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Structural Health Monitoring System Based on Deep Learning
Concrete stands as the most widely used construction material globally due to its versatility, encompassing applications ranging from pavement, multifloor structures, and bridges to dams. However, these concrete structures endure structural stress and require close monitoring to prevent accidents and ensure sustainability throughout their complete life cycle. Artificial intelligence (AI) and computer vision (CV) have demonstrated considerable potential in diverse applications within construction engineering, including structural health monitoring (SHM) and inspection processes such as crack and damage detection, as well as rebar exposure. While it is undeniable that CV and deep learning models are transforming the construction industry by offering robust solutions for complex scenarios, there remain numerous challenges pertinent to their applications that require attention.  
  • 330
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) where an electrochemical reaction at a microelectrode is used to generate information about an electrochemically (in)active surface in its immediate vicinity. Careful preparation and knowledge of the microelectrode response as well as the application of a suitable method enable the study of spatially resolved electrochemical kinetics or the electrocatalytic activity of any structure or material. In addition to a wide range of other applications, the method has become particularly well established in the research field of electrochemical energy storage and conversion.
  • 403
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Metal-Ion Batteries
Metal-ion batteries are systems for electrochemical energy conversion and storage with only one kind of ion shuttling between the negative and the positive electrode during discharge and charge. This concept also known as rocking-chair battery has been made highly popular with the lithium-ion battery as its most popular example. The principle can also be applied with other cations both mono- and multivalent. This might have implications and advantages in terms of increased safety, lower expenses, and utilizing materials, in particular metals, not being subject to resource limitations.
  • 889
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Intrinsically Conducting Polymer Binders for Battery Electrodes
Binder materials are needed to keep particles of active masses in electrodes for batteries and supercapacitors together and to ensure their adherence to the current collector. Mostly synthetic polymeric materials are used. Because they are electrochemically inert, they do not add to the storage capacity of the electrode. Intrinsically conducting polymers ICPs such as polyaniline, polythiophene or polypyrrole can provide these functions also. They show electronic conduction because of mobile charge carriers generated in them by oxidation or reduction. In addition to providing the binder-function, they improve electronic conductance of the electrode mass because of their inherent conductivity and can also contribute to the charge storage capability of the electrode in the range of potential of the redox activity of ICPs in the used electrolyte solution. In most reports on the application of ICPs as component of conductive binders, their incorporation results in enhanced specific capacity and notable improvement of C-rate capability of electrodes. In addition, ICP binders provide partial or complete wrapping of grains of active electrode materials, which effectively inhibits the interaction with the electrolyte, suppressing side reactions and degradation of functional properties. 
  • 679
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
All-Liquid Metal Battery
A secondary battery (accumulator) employing molten metals or molten metal alloys as active masses at both electrodes and a molten salt as electrolyte in between is called an all-liquid-metal accumulator battery (LMB). Separation of the electrodes and the liquid electrolyte based on segregation caused by different densities and immiscibility of the materials is a characteristic feature. High coulometric storage capabilities of the molten-metal electrodes combined with the relatively low cell voltage and the high stability of the system and the operational principle yield a secondary battery suitable for grid applications and, in particular, for power-quality management and large-scale stationary storage. 
  • 974
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Artificial Olfactory Images
The artificial olfactory image was proposed by Lundström et al. in 1991 as a new strategy for an electronic nose system which generated a two-dimensional mapping to be interpreted as a fingerprint of the detected gas species.
  • 132
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Applications of Biomimetic Propulsion for Underwater Vehicles
Biomimetics and bio-inspiration, distinct yet complementary, both derive insights from nature’s ingenuity in science and engineering. Biomimetics, specifically for underwater vehicles, studies and emulates the efficient shapes and behaviors of aquatic creatures like fishes, dolphins, and whales, leading to innovative underwater vehicle designs with enhanced speed, thrust, maneuverability, and reduced water drag.
  • 376
  • 04 Feb 2024
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