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Topic Review
Fire-Fighting Adapter
The presented article presents an innovative solution of a fire-fighting adapter based on the basic hypothesis: to provide sufficient technical support in difficult terrain conditions for water transport logistics in order to quickly prevent the spread and destruction of forest fire. At present, when forest fires begin, it is often quite complicated to provide sufficient technical support for the quick prevention and elimination of fires. This fact is largely eliminated by the designed fire-fighting adapter. The mentioned fire-fighting adapter can be used as a fire-fighting mobile device with a base machine of a forest wheeled skidder (LKT), part of the long-distance transport of water in difficult terrain (lake system), a water tank in difficult terrain with the possibility of filling the Bambi bag with a helicopter, part of the long-distance transport of water in the case of a difficult water source without a forest access road network, and a mobile device for emergency transportation of materials in difficult terrain. In addition to the use for fighting forest fires, the fire adapter can also be used to provide for transport of water for forest nurseries (irrigation), freshly planted areas in the event of prolonged drought, the filling of watering-places for forest animals and filling puddles in the dry season. When designing the supporting frame, we used and imitated the evolutionary approach of nature in the form of generative design. The presented paper deals with the use of modern composite materials in the design of superstructures for base machines, which gradually acquire meaning. The main reason for the increasing use of fiberglass is to achieve higher strength and safer weight reduction. This adapter is designed for forest wheel tractors that reach 40% slope availability, areable to work on the stand area, overcome obstacles and are available in sufficient quantities in all Slovak forest areas.
  • 1.0K
  • 18 Aug 2020
Topic Review
TCES Systems Based on Hydroxides
The exploitation of solar energy, an unlimited and renewable energy resource, is of prime interest to support the replacement of fossil fuels by renewable energy alternatives. Solar energy can be used via concentrated solar power (CSP) combined with thermochemical energy storage (TCES) for the conversion and storage of concentrated solar energy via reversible solid–gas reactions, thus enabling round the clock operation and continuous production. This entry is about High-temperature thermochemical energy storage using the enthalpy of reversible reactions.
  • 1.0K
  • 19 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Robust Speed Control Techniques
The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is a highly efficient energy saving machine. Due to its simple structural characteristics, good heat radiation capability, and high efficiency, PMSMs are gradually replacing AC induction motors in many industrial applications. The PMSM has a nonlinear system and lies on parameters that differ over time with complex high-class dynamics. To achieve the excessive performance operation of a PMSM, it essentially needs a speed controller for providing accurate speed tracking, slight overshoot, and robust disturbance repulsion. 
  • 1.0K
  • 03 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Geopolymer Composites Designed for Water and Wastewater Treatment
Since the discovery of geopolymers four decades ago, they have come quite a long way successfully and gained attention, mostly due to the effortlessness for geo-synthesis with lesser emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). Their admirable properties, such as toughness, heat and fire resistance, refractory nature and radiation hardness, altogether make them promising for applications for radioactive waste containment, as well as for pozzolanic action, making them multi-functional. In realism, lots of industrial materials are derived using geopolymers. For example, fiber-based geopolymer composites are regarded as fire-resistant. Quite a lot of geopolymeric composites are positioned in metal tool coatings and the construction of cabinets of airplanes and buildings, with a view to trim down the intensity of inferno incidents. The polymeric chain-like structure of geopolymers contributes higher chemical resistance, lower shrinkage and enhanced resistance to abrasion with high early mechanical strength. This entry describes that applications and interaction of geopolymer.
  • 1.0K
  • 30 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Mullite-Based Ceramics from Mining Waste
Mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2) is an aluminosilicate characterized by excellent physical properties, which makes it an important ceramic material. In this way, ceramics based on mullite find applications in different technological fields as refractory material (metallurgy, glass, ceramics, etc.), matrix in composite materials for high temperature applications, substrate in multilayer packaging, protective coatings, components of turbine engines, windows transparent to infrared radiation, etc. However, mullite is scarce in nature so it has to be manufactured through different synthesis methods, such as sintering, melting-crystallization or through a sol-gel route. 
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Three-Section Staff
The three-section staff, triple staff, three-part staff, sansetsukon in Japanese, or originally sanjiegun (Chinese: 三節棍; pinyin: sānjiégùn; Jyutping: saam1 zit3 gwan3, or Chinese: 三節鞭; pinyin: sānjiébiān three-sectional whip), is a Chinese flail weapon that consists of three wooden or metal staffs connected by metal rings or rope. The weapon is also known as 蟠龍棍 panlong gun, "coiling dragon staff". A more complicated version of the two section staff, the staves can be spun to gather momentum resulting in a powerful strike, or their articulation can be used to strike over or around a shield or other defense.
  • 1.0K
  • 10 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Application of SLAM in Autonomous Driving
The applications of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) for autonomous driving with respect to different driving scenarios, vehicle system components and the characteristics of the SLAM approaches are discussed. A real-world road test is presented to demonstrate a multi-sensor-based modernized SLAM procedure for autonomous driving. The numerical results show that a high-precision 3D point cloud map can be generated by the SLAM procedure with the integration of Lidar and GNSS/INS.
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Reuse of Municipal Solid Waste in Construction
Society is highly dependent on natural resources such as rocks (aggregates) and minerals. Although they are an abundant resource on the planet, their recovery is slow in terms of human lifespan, and from this fact, they are considered non-renewable resources. The construction industry currently consumes around 3000 million tons of natural resources annually and is responsible for 34% of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. An alternative to reduce this over-extraction is the substitution of aggregates and cement for municipal solid waste (MSW), which represents the application of the circular economy principles. This approach and the waste management hierarchy are described, with a focus on the Latin America and the Caribbean situation. MSW is composed of several fractions, such as organic waste, paper, cardboard, metals, plastic, and glass, among other valuable materials. Areas of opportunity for their reuse in the construction industry have been demonstrated worldwide: a) plastics as substitutes for aggregates or reinforcing fibers, or replaced construction elements such as bricks; b) glass in the production of concrete, mortar, and asphalt pavement; c) paper as a hygrothermal and lighting regulator in buildings, among others.  
  • 1.0K
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Integration of Photovoltaic
Electric vehicles are promising and essential to reduce the carbon footprint from the transport sector. Grid power is the primary source to charge the EV. Currently, grid power which comes from burning fossil fuel is not environmentally benevolent. Solar-powered electric vehicles are promising as the required power to charge the EV comes from the PV system, which generates benign energy. PV system can be installed in the car shed or rooftop of a building. For commercial buildings, vehicles are mainly parked during the peak solar radiation time, which can be utilised to charge the EV by employing PV.
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Organophosphorus Compounds Degradation by EC3.1.8.2
The organophosphorus substances, including pesticides and nerve agents (NAs), represent highly toxic compounds. Standard decontamination procedures place a heavy burden on the environment. Given their continued utilization or existence, considerable efforts are being made to develop environmentally friendly methods of decontamination and medical countermeasures against their intoxication. Enzymes can offer both environmental and medical applications. One of the most promising enzymes cleaving organophosphorus compounds is the enzyme with enzyme commission number (EC): 3.1.8.2, called diisopropyl fluorophosphatase (DFPase) or organophosphorus acid anhydrolase from Loligo Vulgaris or Alteromonas sp. JD6.5, respectively. Structure, mechanisms of action and substrate profiles are described for both enzymes. Wild-type (WT) enzymes have a catalytic activity against organophosphorus compounds, including G-type nerve agents. Their stereochemical preference aims their activity towards less toxic enantiomers of the chiral phosphorus center found in most chemical warfare agents. Site-direct mutagenesis has systematically improved the active site of the enzyme. These efforts have resulted in the improvement of catalytic activity and have led to the identification of variants that are more effective at detoxifying both G-type and V-type nerve agents. Some of these variants have become part of commercially available decontamination mixtures.
  • 1.0K
  • 24 Dec 2020
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