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Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Japanese Prefabricated Housing Manufacturers
Japanese prefabricated housing manufacturers have gained international recognition for their innovative approaches to the whole design process, ranging from initial design to innovative cutting-edge technologies, state-of-the-art automated production lines, meticulous workmanship, and mass customisation. In this entry, three manufacturers (Daiwa House, Sekisui House, and Misawa Homes) were selected as case studies for close examination. By studying these leading companies, researchers and industry professionals can gain valuable insights into best practices, challenges, and innovations within the Japanese prefabricated housing sector. The research methods involved a desktop study of available information on websites, articles, and reports, as well as undertaking two study tours on residential sustainable design in Japan in 2022 and 2023. These three manufacturers were discussed and compared with respect to their development trajectories, design customisation, research capabilities and technological advancements, sustainable initiatives and procurement, as well as their after-sale services. They have demonstrated their adaptability and flexibility in response to natural disasters and the transformation of the needs in society. They are all keen on reducing the environmental impacts of their work towards zero carbon emissions and a sustainable future.
  • 481
  • 12 Jul 2024
Topic Review
Classification of Micro-Flame Behaviours
The microflame is a complex phenomenon that can exhibit different behaviors, which are influenced by multiple factors, such as the input velocity of the fuel–oxidizer mixture, the heat flow rate supplied to the mixture, the thermal conduction coefficient of the burner walls (i.e., boundary conditions), and the burner geometry, among others.   
  • 30
  • 11 Jul 2024
Topic Review
BIM in Integrating Digital Twin in Building Construction
Construction is essential to every economy since it employs many workers and significantly contributes to GDP. The construction industry’s efficiency has lagged behind other industries for decades due to low productivity, a lack of research, and poor adoption of advancements. Fortunately, the successful development of digital technologies such as Digital Twin (DT) has facilitated growth in many sectors, and DT has the potential to address challenges in building construction projects. While DT is a virtual replica that provides real-time data and analysis of a physical asset to optimize its performance, Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a collaborative process for creating, managing, and exchanging information throughout a construction project. BIM is the most efficient way to create an accurate, high-value DT and support industry transformation.
  • 43
  • 10 Jul 2024
Topic Review
Forecasting Traits: Human Personality Prediction with Machine Learning
In today's data-driven world, machine learning applications have permeated various aspects of our daily lives, presenting innovative solutions to complex problems. One such significant application lies in the realm of personality prediction, where individuals are classified based on their unique personality traits 
  • 38
  • 08 Jul 2024
Topic Review
Control Panel Design
In today's digital age, control panels are essential for managing systems, devices, and software applications. An effective control panel design is crucial for enhancing user experience, improving efficiency, and ensuring seamless interaction. This guide will delve into the principles and best practices for designing user-friendly control panels.
  • 73
  • 26 Jun 2024
Topic Review
Embedded Sensors with 3D Printing Technology
Embedded sensors (ESs) are used in smart materials to enable continuous and permanent measurements of their structural integrity, while sensing technology involves developing sensors, sensory systems, or smart materials that monitor a wide range of properties of materials. Incorporating 3D-printed sensors into hosting structures has grown in popularity because of improved assembly processes, reduced system complexity, and lower fabrication costs. 3D-printed sensors can be embedded into structures and attached to surfaces through two methods: attaching to surfaces or embedding in 3D-printed sensors.
  • 647
  • 11 Jun 2024
Topic Review
Subsurface Landslide Monitoring Techniques
Landslides are a common and challenging geohazard that may be caused by earthquakes, rainfall, or manmade activity. Various monitoring strategies are used to safeguard populations at risk from landslides. This task frequently depends on the utilization of remote sensing methods, which include the observation of Earth from space, laser scanning, and ground-based interferometry. In recent years, there have been notable advancements in technologies utilized for monitoring landslides (i.e., subsurface systems). 
  • 526
  • 06 Jun 2024
Topic Review
Climate Change on Water Sensitive Urban Design Technologies
Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) technologies are green infrastructures those aim to restore the hydrological balance of urban catchments.
  • 269
  • 04 Jun 2024
Topic Review
Mapping Renewable Energy among Antarctic Research Stations
The Antarctic is one of the last frontiers on Earth, and habitation and research in the region are challenging and dangerous owing to its harsh environmental conditions. The provision of sufficient infrastructure to researchers engaged in seasonal or year-round research in the Antarctic is essential. Energy is a crucial element of supportive infrastructure, needed to support space heating—required in living areas to prevent sensitive areas from freezing—electricity, water treatment, and fresh-water generation.
  • 386
  • 04 Jun 2024
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Cushion Gas Consideration for Underground Hydrogen Storage
Due to the increasing world population and environmental considerations, there has been a tremendous interest in alternative energy sources. Hydrogen plays a major role as an energy carrier due to its environmentally benign nature. The combustion of hydrogen releases water vapor while it also has a vast industrial application in aerospace, pharmaceutical, and metallurgical industries. Although promising, hydrogen faces storage challenges. Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) presents a promising method of safely storing hydrogen. The selection of the appropriate cushion gas for UHS is a critical aspect of ensuring the safety, efficiency, and reliability of the storage system. Cushion gas plays a pivotal role in maintaining the necessary pressure within the storage reservoir, thereby enabling consistent injection and withdrawal rates of hydrogen. One of the key functions of the cushion gas is to act as a buffer, ensuring that the storage pressure remains within the desired range despite fluctuations in hydrogen demand or supply. This is achieved by alternately expanding and compressing the cushion gas during the injection and withdrawal cycles, thereby effectively regulating the overall pressure dynamics within the storage facility. Furthermore, the choice of cushion gas can have significant implications on the performance and long-term stability of the UHS system. Factors such as compatibility with hydrogen, cost-effectiveness, availability, and environmental impact must be carefully considered when selecting the most suitable cushion gas. The present study provides a comprehensive review of different types of cushion gases commonly used in UHS, including nitrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide. By examining the advantages, limitations, and practical considerations associated with each option, the study aims to offer valuable insights into optimizing the performance and reliability of UHS systems. Ultimately, the successful implementation of UHS hinges not only on technological innovation but also on strategic decisions regarding cushion gas selection and management. By addressing these challenges proactively, stakeholders can unlock the full potential of hydrogen as a clean and sustainable energy carrier, thereby contributing to the global transition towards a low-carbon future.
  • 724
  • 15 May 2024
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