Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Grid-integrated renewable energy resources fundamentals
This entry is aimed at a succinct review of practical impacts of grid integration of renewable energy systems on effectiveness of power networks. The renewable energy resources focused on include solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy and geothermal energy, as well as renewable hydrogen/fuel cells, which, although not classified purely as renewable resources, are a famous energy carrier vital for future energy sustainability. Although several world energy outlooks have suggested that the renewable resources available worldwide are sufficient to satisfy global energy needs in multiples of thousands, the different challenges often associated with practical exploitation have made this assertion an illusion to date. Thus, more research efforts are required to synthesize the nature of these challenges as well as viable solution strategies, hence, the need for this review study. Overviews and general state-of-the-art information are provided in this entry, for the aforementioned renewable energy resources.
  • 1.4K
  • 10 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Selected Solid-State Electrolytes
Electrolytes are key components in electrochemical storage systems, which provide an ion-transport mechanism between the cathode and anode of a cell. As battery technologies are in continuous development, there has been growing demand for more efficient, reliable and environmentally friendly materials. Solid-state lithium ion batteries (SSLIBs) are considered as next-generation energy storage systems and solid electrolytes (SEs) are the key components for these systems. Compared to liquid electrolytes, SEs are thermally stable (safer), less toxic and provide a more compact (lighter) battery design. However, the main issue is the ionic conductivity, especially at low temperatures. So far, there are two popular types of SEs: (1) inorganic solid electrolytes (InSEs) and (2) polymer electrolytes (PEs). Among InSEs, sulfide-based SEs are providing very high ionic conductivities (up to 10−2 S/cm) and they can easily compete with liquid electrolytes (LEs). On the other hand, they are much more expensive than LEs. PEs can be produced at less cost than InSEs but their conductivities are still not sufficient for higher performances. 
  • 1.4K
  • 16 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Tracked Locomotion Systems for Ground Mobile Robots
Service robotics is presently one of the fastest-growing technological fields. Nevertheless, while Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV) moving on flat and compact grounds are already commercially available and widely used to move components and products inside industrial buildings, the extensive application of ground mobile robots in environments that are unstructured or structured for humans is a promising challenge for the next years. The important application fields are agriculture, planetary exploration, reconnaissance in dangerous situations, such as radioactive or chemical contamination, homeland security and military operations, demining, intervention in case of terrorist attacks, and surveillance.
  • 1.4K
  • 26 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Alkaline–Surfactant–Polymer Flooding Mechanisms
Chemical flooding, expecially  alkali–surfactant–polymer (ASP) injection plays an important role in enhancing oil recovery under many synergetic mechanisms, in which there are four main mechanisms that have been widely used, including improving the mobility ratio between the heavy oil and the displacing phase, lowering the interfacial tension between oil and water (IFT), altering the rock wettability (oil-wet to water-wet) and emulsifying oil and water. Laboratory tests and pilot trials of ASP injection showed that the oil recovery of the emulsified system is 5% more than the cases where no emulsions existed. 
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Traffic Flow Prediction
The accurate and effective prediction of the traffic flow of vehicles plays a significant role in the construction and planning of signalized road intersections. The application of artificially intelligent predictive models in the prediction of the performance of traffic flow has yielded positive results. However, much uncertainty still exists in the determination of which artificial intelligence methods effectively resolve traffic congestion issues, especially from the perspective of the traffic flow of vehicles at a four-way signalized road intersection.
  • 1.4K
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Nanostructured Materials-Enabled Biosensors
A biosensor is an integrated receptor-transducer device, which can convert a biological response into an electrical signal.
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Status and Challenges of Low Carbon Building Design
Excessive carbon emissions are causing the problems of global warming and the greenhouse effect, which urgently need to be controlled worldwide. It is crucial to reduce the carbon emissions of the construction industry as it is one of the main sources. Carbon is generated at all phases of the building life cycle, including in material production, building design, and building operation and maintenance. Notably, building design has various extents of influence on carbon emissions at each phase, for which a low carbon method urgently needs to be explored. The challenges of building design are as follows: lack of (1) a comprehensive standard system considering different factors, (2) lack of a carbon emission calculation method for the design phase, and a (3) no real-time optimization model aiming at carbon reduction. The path of “standard-calculation-prediction-optimization”(SCPO) for future building design is proposed to address these challenges. It takes standard system as the framework, the carbon calculation method as the foundation, the prediction model as the theory, and the low carbon building as the objective.
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Membrane in a Microbial Fuel Cell
Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are an emerging technology for wastewater treatment that utilizes the metabolism of microorganisms to generate electricity from the organic matter present in water directly.
  • 1.4K
  • 20 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Pineapple Leaf Fiber
Evidence-based research had shown that elevated alkali treatment of pineapple leaf fiber(PALF) compromised the mechanical properties of the fiber. In this work, PALF was subjected todifferential alkali concentrations: 1, 3, 6, and 9% wt/wt to study the influence on the mechanicaland crystal properties of the fiber. The crystalline and mechanical properties of untreated and alkali-treatedPALF samples were investigated by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transforms infraredspectroscopy (FTIR), and tensile testing analysis. The XRD results indicated that crystal propertiesof the fibers were modified with 6% wt/wt alkali-treated PALF recording the highest crystallinityand crystallite size of 76% and 24 nm, respectively. The FTIR spectra suggested that all alkali-treatedPALF samples underwent lignin and hemicellulose removal to varying degrees. An increase in thecrystalline properties improved the mechanical properties of the PALF treated with alkali at 6%wt/wt, which has the highest tensile strength (1620 MPa). Although the elevated alkali treatmentresulted in decreased mechanical properties of PALF, crystallinity generally increased. The findingsrevealed that the mechanical properties of PALF not only improve with increasing crystallinity andcrystallite size but are also dependent on the intermediate bond between adjacent cellulose chains.
  • 1.4K
  • 20 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Carbonation of Concrete
As one of the major causes of concrete deterioration, the carbonation of concrete has been widely investigated over recent decades. In recent years, the effect of mechanical load on carbonation has started to attract more attention. The load-induced variations in crack pattern and pore structure have a significant influence on CO2 transport which determines the carbonation rate. 
  • 1.4K
  • 07 Dec 2021
  • Page
  • of
  • 650
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback