Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Common Techniques for Biolubricant Production
Lubricants can be classified according to their physical state as solid, liquid, or semi-fluid (greases). The former is used when it is difficult to maintain contact with the fluid, while the latter is used in situations where liquid lubricants are not applicable. According to the UNE-EN 16807 standard, the term “bio” is considered synonymous with good for the environment. Its use in lubricants is linked to its environmental properties; therefore, it is expected that all compounds called bio-lubricants will degrade in the environment. 
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Sakia
A saqia, alternative spelling sakieh, saqia or saqiya (from Arabic: ساقية, sāqiyah), also called Persian wheel, tablia, rehat, and in Latin tympanum is a mechanical water lifting device, similar in function to a scoop wheel, which uses buckets, jars, or scoops fastened either directly to a vertical wheel, or to an endless belt activated by such a wheel. The vertical wheel is itself attached by a drive shaft to a horizontal wheel, which is traditionally set in motion by animal power (oxen, donkeys, etc.) Because it is not using the power of flowing water, the sakia is different from a noria and any other type of water-wheel. It is still used in India , Egypt and other parts of the Middle East, and in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands. It may have been invented in Hellenistic Egypt, Persia or India . The sakia was mainly used for irrigation, but not exclusively, as the example of Qusayr Amra shows, where it was used at least in part to provide water for a royal bathhouse.
  • 1.4K
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Electrochemical Devices
Electrochemical devices enable the measurement of a wide variety of ions, such as hydrogen ions, electrolytes, heavy metals, and nutrients.
  • 1.4K
  • 21 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Carbon Nanofibers
Carbon nanofibers are nano-sized fibers that have a high degree of crystalline orientation. In recent years, ecological issues have led to the search for new green materials from biomass as precursors for producing carbon materials. Such green materials are more attractive than traditional petroleum-based materials, which are environmentally harmful and non-biodegradable.
  • 1.4K
  • 02 May 2021
Topic Review
Hybrid Construction Machinery
Hybrid Construction Machinery (HCM), known as an effective and crucial solution for the issues of environment pollution and energy shortage. Central feature is the drive system of the construction machinery consists of two or more independent drive systems that can work simultaneously.
  • 1.4K
  • 15 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Indoor Positioning Technologies for Mobile Robots
With the in-depth development of Industry 4.0 worldwide, mobile robots have become a research hotspot. Indoor localization has become a key component in many fields and the basis for all actions of mobile robots. Herein, 12 mainstream indoor positioning methods and related positioning technologies for mobile robots are introduced and compared in detail.
  • 1.4K
  • 31 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Microalloyed Niobium Steel
Thermomechanical processing of niobium microalloyed steel was performed with the purpose of determining the interaction between niobium precipitates and dislocations, as well as determining the influence of the temperature of final deformation on the degree of precipitation and dislocation density. Two variants of thermomechanical processing with di erent final rolling temperatures were carried out. Samples were studied using electrochemical isolation with an atomic absorption spectrometer, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray di raction analysis, and universal tensile testing with a thermographic camera. The results show that the increase in the density of dislocations before the onset of intense precipitation is insignificant because the recrystallization process takes place simultaneously. It increases with the onset of strain-induced precipitation. It is shown that niobium precipitates determine the density of dislocations. The appearance of Lüders bands was noticed as a consequence of the interaction between niobium precipitates and dislocations during the subsequent cold deformation. In both variants of the industrial process performed on the cold deformed strip, Lüders bands appeared.
  • 1.4K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Innovations and Emerging Cooling Technologies for Greenhouses
The climate control inside the greenhouse constitutes an efficient methodology for maintaining a satisfactory environment that fulfills the requirements of high-yield crops and reduced energy and water resource consumption. In hot climates, the cooling systems, which are assisted by an effective control technique, constitute a suitable path for maintaining an appropriate climate inside the greenhouse, where the required temperature and humidity distribution is maintained.
  • 1.4K
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Data Acquisition and Storage for Smart Manufacturing
The evolution of technology and especially the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to a new kind of manufacturing known as Smart Manufacturing. Smart Manufacturing is an application of the IoT that focuses on using inexpensive, small-sized, and smart devices that are all interconnected so that they can increase productivity and improve the health of the machines. Big Data in Smart Manufacturing systems are continuously generated data in high volumes produced by said smart devices and are available in various forms, e.g., log files, signal streams, or sensor data. A Big Data analysis system should be able to use these data in real time, as well as save them for historical analysis and long-term pattern detection.
  • 1.4K
  • 10 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Metallurgical Technologies to Treat E-Waste
e-waste is any broken/unwanted electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) that has reached the end of its lifecycle or economic life span. E-waste has been traditionally treated with metallurgical technologies such as mechanical separations, pyro-metallurgical, and hydrometallurgical methods. The technologies such as the pyro-metallurgical process to treat e-waste has been studied and linked with environmental challenges such as the generation of large quantities of harmful by-products, the formation of brominated and chlorinated di-benzo furans, and dioxins from halogens present in the plastic part of e-waste during the burning process. The pyro-metallurgical process requires high-energy to treat e-waste and is inefficient in the recovery of precious metals. Hydrometallurgical technology has also been explored, mostly involving chemical reagents such as strong acids (sulphuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid) and complex chemical reagents such as cyanide and thiosulfate to leach base, rare earth, and precious metals. 
  • 1.4K
  • 28 Sep 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 649
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback