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Topic Review
Noise Exposure, Prevention, and Control in Agriculture
Noise is a major physical hazard in agricultural activities, and numerous research activities have managed to detect its effects, resulting in surveys and measurements which help to define exposure limits, prevention methods, and control strategies.
  • 616
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Sugarcane Supply Chain in the Brazilian Midwest Region
The sugarcane supply chain is one of the main contributors to economic development in many countries. However, it is necessary to consider the relationship of this supply chain with the environment in order to reduce/mitigate adverse environmental impacts. Using fertilizers and pesticides and burning crops during harvest severely threaten the sustainability of this supply chain.
  • 107
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
E-Procurement Procedures in Construction Supply Chains
The growing interest in digitalization signals a need for technology-oriented supply chain operations in the construction industry. Electronic procurement (e-procurement) aims to convert traditional procurement approaches into web-based/online platforms.
  • 131
  • 07 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) Piles and Splicing Options
Conventional driven piles are made from steel, concrete, timber, or composite materials. These piling options have limitations with respect to corrosion, durability, driveablity, and performance. Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) pile is a new alternative that has already been adopted by various state Departments of Transportation in the United States for addressing the limitations that exist with conventional piles. UHPC piles are made of a cementitious composite material mixture that possesses exceptional properties such as higher strength, low capillary porosity, and high resistance to corrosion, making them a suitable option for use as a deep foundation. For several reasons, it is necessary to cast piles with a shorter length and splice them at the site to reach the desired lengths.
  • 112
  • 07 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Hydrological Droughts
Hydrological droughts may be referred to as sustained and regionally extensive water shortages as reflected in streamflows that are noticeable and gauged worldwide. The analysis of hydrological droughts is largely conducted using the truncation level approach to represent the desired demand level of water equivalent to the median, mean, or any other flow quantile of an annual, monthly, or weekly flow sequence.
  • 149
  • 07 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Solar Thermal Technology in Buildings
Buildings account for a significant proportion of total energy consumption. The integration of renewable energy sources is essential to reducing energy demand and achieve sustainable building design. The use of solar energy has great potential for promoting energy efficiency and reducing the environmental impact of energy consumption in buildings.
  • 203
  • 07 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Intermediate-Temperature Embrittlement of Metals and Alloys
The intermediate-temperature embrittlement range was examined for Fe, Al, Cu, and Ni alloys. It was found that this embrittlement occurs in many alloys, although the causes are very diverse. Embrittlement can be due to fine matrix precipitation, precipitate free zones, melting of compounds at the grain boundaries, segregation of elements to the boundaries, and, additionally for steel, the presence of the soft ferrite film surrounding the harder austenite matrix. Grain boundary sliding and segregation to the boundaries seem to dominate the failure mode at the base of the trough when intergranular failure takes place. When cracking is due to the presence of hydrogen or liquid films at the boundary, then the dissociation along the boundaries is so easy, it is often independent of the strain rate and is always intergranular. 
  • 210
  • 06 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Microorganisms in Structural Materials Biodegradation and Microbiological Corrosion
Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is the process of material degradation in the presence of microorganisms and their biofilms. This is an environmentally assisted type of corrosion, which is highly complex and challenging to fully understand. Different metallic materials, such as steel alloys, magnesium alloys, aluminium alloys, and titanium alloys, have been reported to have adverse effects of MIC on their applications. Though many researchers have reported bacteria as the primary culprit of microbial corrosion, several other microorganisms, including fungi, algae, archaea, and lichen, have been found to cause MIC on metal and non-metal surfaces. However, less attention is given to the MIC caused by fungi, algae, archaea, and lichens.
  • 243
  • 06 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Contacts at the Nanoscale
Contact scaling is a major challenge in nano complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology, as the surface roughness, contact size, film thicknesses, and undoped substrate become more problematic as the technology shrinks to the nanometer range. These factors increase the contact resistance and the nonlinearity of the current–voltage characteristics, which could limit the benefits of the further downsizing of CMOS devices. 
  • 153
  • 06 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Dexterity of Anthropomorphic Soft Hand
Humans possess dexterous hands that surpass those of other animals, enabling them to perform intricate, complex movements. Soft hands, known for their inherent flexibility, aim to replicate the functionality of human hands. By mimicking the shape, structure, and functionality of human hands, soft hands can partially replicate human-like movements, offering adaptability and operability during grasping tasks. 
  • 102
  • 06 Mar 2024
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