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Topic Review
CDK4/6 and MAPK
Despite the development of targeted therapies and novel inhibitors, cancer remains an undefeated disease. Resistance mechanisms arise quickly and alternative treatment options are urgently required. Protein kinases as signaling switchboards are frequently deregulated in cancer and signify vulnerable nodes and potential therapeutic targets.
  • 1.3K
  • 14 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Non-Invasive Sweat Diagnostics Wearable Biosensors
Wearable bioelectronics has received tremendous attention worldwide due to its great a potential for predictive medical modeling and allowing for personalized point-of-care-testing (POCT). Since the distribution of sweat glands in the human body is rich (>100 glands/cm2) and the sweat contains abundant biochemical compounds, human sweat has become a promising bio-fluid for non-invasive biosensing. Since nearly every portion of human skin has eccrine glands, sweat is readily available without the use of needles or other invasive devices. Iontophoresis sweat can be extracted from anywhere which is not possible in any other case of bio-fluids. Moreover, analytes including ions, metabolites, acids, hormones, and small proteins and peptides are partitioned into the sweat. Sweat also contains various electrolytes (such as potassium, sodium, chloride, and calcium), nitrogen-containing compounds (such as urea and amino acids), as well as metabolites such as glucose, lactic acid, and uric acid, along with xenobiotics such as drugs and ethanol.
  • 1.3K
  • 02 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Papaverine and Its Mechanism of Action
Papaverine has been proven to be a high-value opioid alkaloid in the field of therapeutics either in solitude or in combination with other metabolites/molecules. Pharmacological research has revealed that papaverine demonstrates a variety of biological activities, including activity against erectile dysfunction, postoperative vasospasms, and pulmonary vasoconstriction, as well as antiviral, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, and gestational actions.
  • 1.3K
  • 07 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Social Networking and Psychology
Social media began in the form of generalized online communities. These online communities formed on websites like Geocities.com in 1994, Theglobe.com in 1995, and Tripod.com in 1995. Many of these early communities focused on social interaction by bringing people together through the use of chat rooms. The chat rooms encouraged users to share personal information, ideas, or even personal web pages. Later the social networking community Classmates took a different approach by simply having people link to each other by using their personal email addresses. By the late 1990s, social networking websites began to develop more advanced features to help users find and manage friends. These newer generation of social networking websites began to flourish with the emergence of SixDegrees.com in 1997, Makeoutclub in 2000, Hub Culture in 2002, and Friendster in 2002. However, the first profitable mass social networking website was the South Korean service, Cyworld. Cyworld initially launched as a blog-based website in 1999 and social networking features were added to the website in 2001. Other social networking websites emerged like Myspace in 2002, LinkedIn in 2003, and Bebo in 2005. In 2009, the social networking website Facebook (launched in 2004) became the largest social networking website in the world. Active users of Facebook increased from just a million in 2004 to over 750 million by the year 2011. Making internet-based social networking both a cultural and financial phenomenon.
  • 1.3K
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Neurobiological Mechanisms of Dreaming
Dream research has advanced significantly over the last twenty years, thanks to the new applications of neuroimaging and electrophysiological techniques. Many findings pointed out that mental activity during sleep and wakefulness shared similar neural bases. On the other side, recent studies have highlighted that dream experience is promoted by significant brain activation, characterized by reduced low frequencies and increased rapid frequencies. Additionally, several studies confirmed that the posterior parietal area and prefrontal cortex are responsible for dream experience. Further, early results revealed that dreaming might be manipulated by sensory stimulations that would provoke the incorporation of specific cues into the dream scenario. Recently, transcranial stimulation techniques have been applied to modulate the level of consciousness during sleep, supporting previous findings and adding new information about neural correlates of dream recall. Overall, although multiple studies suggest that both the continuity and activation hypotheses provide a growing understanding of neural processes underlying dreaming, several issues are still unsolved. The impact of state-/trait-like variables, the influence of circadian and homeostatic factors, and the examination of parasomnia-like events to access dream contents are all opened issues deserving further deepening in future research.
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Combinatory Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (c-aPDT)
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become a fundamental tool in modern therapeutics to combat localized infections. Thanks to the expanding versatility of photosensitizers and the many possible combinations with other antimicrobial treatments, aPDT is evolving from a conceptually simple methodology towards a much more sophisticated, integrated, and innovative technology.
  • 1.3K
  • 11 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Nanonutraceuticals
Over the last few years, the application of nanotechnology to nutraceuticals has been rapidly growing due to its ability to enhance the bioavailability of the loaded active ingredients, resulting in improved therapeutic/nutraceutical outcomes. The focus of this work is nanoprebiotics and nanoprobiotics, terms which stand for the loading of a set of compounds (e.g., prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics) in nanoparticles that work as absorption enhancers in the gastrointestinal tract. In this manuscript, the main features of prebiotics and probiotics are highlighted, together with the discussion of emerging applications of nanotechnologies in their formulation. Current research strategies are also discussed, in particular the promising use of nanofibers for the delivery of probiotics. Synbiotic-based nanoparticles represent an innovative trend within this area of interest. As only few experimental studies on nanoprebiotics and nanoprobiotics are available in the scientific literature, research on this prominent field is needed, covering effectiveness, bioavailability, and safety aspects.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Thymoquinone and Cancer
Thymoquinone (TQ) is a bioactive molecule with anticancer as well as anti-inflammatory activities via the downregulation of several chemokines and cytokines. Administering it as a nanoformulation increases its therapeutic value.
  • 1.3K
  • 22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
MiRNA-Based Therapies in Pulmonary Hypertension
Pulmonary hypertension involves a continuous remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature, that is similar to cancer in some aspects due to the uncontrolled proliferation of certain cells. This leads to muscularization of pulmonary vessels, development of vascular lesions, continuous vasoconstriction, and final heart failure. Current pharmacological therapies only target three molecular pathways and as a result, patients can only improve their life quality but not without suffering adverse side effects. This fatal lung disease lacks effective treatments. Therefore, there are compelling reasons to find new molecular targets and novel therapies that reverse the development of the disease. In this context, miRNA-based therapies have shown promising results that will provided in the following text while explaining the important role that had played their nanoencapsulation.
  • 1.3K
  • 22 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes As Photosensitisers
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is emerging as a significant complementary or alternative approach for cancer treatment. Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes is a new generation of metal-based photosensitisers for PDT that are of great interest in multidisciplinary research.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Oct 2020
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