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Topic Review
Nutritional Factors Benefit Postmenopausal Women with NAFLD
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent condition among postmenopausal women that can lead to severe liver dysfunction and increased mortality. There is also growing evidence that specific nutritional factors may help to prevent or treat NAFLD. For example, supplementation with vitamins C, D, and E may exert beneficial effects on liver health or related metabolic features, primarily through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Coffee consumption is inversely associated with a number of liver-related conditions, including slower progression of fibrosis, lower transaminase levels, and decreased liver-related mortality, and some of these positive effects may be due to caffeine. Caffeine has also been shown to improve features of metabolic syndrome, including hepatic injury in high carbohydrate, high-fat-diet-fed rat; increase energy expenditure; and reduce total body, trunk, and visceral fat or fat mass. 
  • 306
  • 21 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Non-Contrast and Contrast-Enhanced Cardiac Computed Tomography
Cardiac computed tomography (CT) has emerged as a powerful non-invasive tool for risk stratification, as well as the detection and characterization of coronary artery disease (CAD), which remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Advances in technology have favored the increasing use of cardiac CT by allowing better performance with lower radiation doses.
  • 259
  • 21 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Significance of microRNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases
The microRNAs (miRNAs), lncRNAs (long ncRNAs), and circRNAs (circular RNAs) with significant regulatory and structural roles make up approximately 99% of the human genome, which does not contain proteins. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) have been discovered to be essential novel regulators of cardiovascular risk factors and cellular processes, making them significant prospects for advanced diagnostics and prognosis evaluation. Cases of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are rising due to limitations in the existing therapeutic approach; most of the treatment options are based on the coding transcripts that encode proteins. Various investigations have shown the role of nc-RNA in the early diagnosis and treatment of CVDs. Furthermore, the development of novel diagnoses and treatments based on miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs could be more helpful in the clinical management of patients with CVDs. 
  • 496
  • 21 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Myelodysplastic Syndromes/Myeloproliferative Overlap Neoplasms
The myelodysplastic syndromes/myeloproliferative overlap neoplasms (MDS/MPN) comprise a heterogeneous group of myeloid neoplastic diseases with clinical and pathologic overlapping features of both myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative neoplasms. The 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification included five entities: chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), atypical CML BCR-ABL1− (aCML), juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), MDS/MPN with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (MDS/MPN-RS-T), and MDS/MPN unclassifiable (MDS/MPN-U). In 2022, there emerged two competing classifications for myeloid neoplasms: the International Consensus Classification (ICC) and the fifth edition of the WHO classification. Both classifications now expand on these categories; in particular, MDS/MPN with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (MDS/MPN-RS-T) has been split into two entities in the ICC 2022 based on the presence/absence of the SF3B1 mutation. Moreover, both the WHO 2022 classification and the ICC move JMML to be grouped with pediatric and/or germline mutation-associated disorders.
  • 342
  • 21 Jun 2023
Topic Review
A Simple ANN for Sleep-Waking Recognition
Artificial neural network (ANNs) is a machine learning approach that has rapidly gained popularity due to its ability to quickly and effectively solve complex problems. Sleep monitoring is often required for patients who are suffering from diseases or who are undergoing treatment. Recently, in a paper described a new method for the automatic recognition of behavioral sleep and waking states in freely moving rats. This is a simple ANN, in which the mean values and standard deviations of electrocorticograms. ANN was trained to recognize sleep and waking states with the accuracy of 80%. 
  • 404
  • 20 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Bimetallic Au–Ag Nanoparticles
Bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) with two separate metals have been found to have stronger antibacterial potential than their monometallic versions. This enhanced antibacterial efficiency of bimetallic nanoparticles is due to the synergistic effect of their participating monometallic counterparts. To distinguish between bacteria and mammals, the existence of diverse metal transport systems and metalloproteins is necessary for the use of bimetallic Au–Ag NPs, just like any other metal NPs. Due to their very low toxicity toward human cells, these bimetallic NPs, particularly gold–silver NPs, might prove to be an effective weapon in the arsenal to beat emerging drug-resistant bacteria. The cellular mechanism of bimetallic nanoparticles for antibacterial activity consists of cell membrane degradation, disturbance in homeostasis, oxidative stress, and the production of reactive oxygen species. The synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles can be performed by a bottom-up and top-down strategy. The bottom-up technique generally includes sol-gel, chemical vapor deposition, green synthesis, and co-precipitation methods, whereas the top-down technique includes the laser ablation method.
  • 408
  • 20 Jun 2023
Topic Review
NOTCH Signaling in Mantle Cell Lymphoma
The NOTCH signaling pathway is highly conserved, and its dysregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many B cell malignancies including MCL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL), follicular lymphoma (FL), diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and multiple myeloma (MM). The NOTCH genes play a critical role in the early and late phases of normal B cell differentiation. In MCL, mutations in the PEST domain stabilize NOTCH proteins, rendering them resistant to degradation, which subsequently results in the upregulation of genes involved in angiogenesis, cell cycle progression, and cell migration and adhesion.
  • 335
  • 20 Jun 2023
Topic Review
mTORi in Immunosuppression after Liver Transplantation
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignancy of the liver and the third cause of cancer-related mortality. Liver transplantation is a treatment option for nonresectable patients with early-stage HCC, with more significant advantages when Milan criteria are fulfilled. mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) have been introduced as an alternative immunosuppressive approach to conventional conventional calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs)-based regimens to address both immunosuppression and cancer control. The PI3K-AKT-mTOR signalling pathway regulates protein translation, cell growth, and metabolism, and the pathway is frequently deregulated in human tumours.
  • 238
  • 20 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Molecular Imaging in Positron Emission Tomography
Molecular imaging has become widely used in many diseases, with a particular focus on cancer care. It refers to the in vivo characterization and measurement of key biomolecules and molecular events underlying malignant conditions. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is the gold standard in clinical molecular imaging because it possesses the high sensitivity required for deep tissue penetration and visualization of most interactions between physiological targets and ligands.
  • 366
  • 20 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Exosomes in Treatment of Skin Disorders
Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles that can be isolated and purified from different sources such as blood, urine, breast milk, saliva, urine, umbilical cord bile cells, and mesenchymal stem cells. They have bioactive compounds that, thanks to their paracrine activity, have proven to be effective as anti-inflammatory agents, inducers of macrophage polarization and accelerators of skin repair and regeneration, reducing the possible complications relating to poor wound repair, and prolonged inflammation.
  • 314
  • 20 Jun 2023
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