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Topic Review
Insulin/IGF-I Signaling Pathway and the Metabolic Syndrome
The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of overlapping conditions resulting in an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the Western world has reached epidemic proportions and this is likely due to alterations in diet and the environment as well as decreased physical activity.
  • 373
  • 30 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Gels for Neuropathic Pain
Neuropathic pain is a complex and debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Gels have emerged as a promising option for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Inclusion of various nanocarriers, such as cubosomes and niosomes, into gels results in pharmaceutical forms with higher drug stability and increased drug penetration into tissues compared to products currently marketed for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
  • 356
  • 28 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Effect of Er:YAG Laser Exposure
In order to make a comprehensive assessment of the effect of Er:YAG lasers, histomorphological techniques were used to measure the reduction in amorphous layer thickness after Er:YAG laser treatment, both with and without the placement of dental screw implants from different manufacturers.
  • 222
  • 28 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Redo-TAVR
Within the last two decades, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has transformed the treatment strategy for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS), representing a less invasive alternative to traditional open-chest surgery. With time, advances in device features, imaging planning, and implantation techniques have contributed to an improvement in safety as well as a reduction in procedural complications. This has led to the expansion of TAVR to lower-risk patients, where TAVR has shown favorable outcomes compared to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). As TAVR expands to younger and lower-risk patients with longer life expectancies, the need for reintervention for failing transcatheter heart valves is expected to increase. Redo-TAVR has gained increasing relevance in the lifetime management of AS as one of the treatment strategies available for structural valve dysfunction (SVD).
  • 409
  • 28 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Primary Liver Cancers
Primary liver cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Risk factors for primary liver cancer include chronic viral hepatitis B and C infections, alcohol abuse, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity. Surgical resection and/or transplantation is the mainstay treatment for candidates with primary liver tumors. However, minimally invasive, image-guided locoregional therapies have become an integral part of liver cancer treatment and management, depending on staging.
  • 404
  • 28 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Antibiotic Resistance in Helicobacter pylori
Despite the declining trend of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) prevalence around the globe, ongoing efforts are still needed to optimize current and future regimens in view of the increasing antibiotic resistance. The resistance of H. pylori to different antibiotics is caused by different molecular mechanisms, and advancements in sequencing technology have come a far way in broadening our understanding and in facilitating the testing of antibiotic susceptibility to H. pylori.
  • 433
  • 28 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Roles of GluN2D NMDA Receptor Subunit in Schizophrenia
Glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction has been proposed to underlie schizophrenia symptoms. This theory arose from the observation that administration of NMDAR antagonists, which are compounds that inhibit NMDAR activity, reproduces behavioural and molecular schizophrenia-like phenotypes, including hallucinations, delusions and cognitive impairments in healthy humans and animal models. However, the role of specific NMDAR subunits in these schizophrenia-relevant phenotypes is largely unknown. Mounting evidence implicates the GluN2D subunit of NMDAR in some of these symptoms and pathology. 
  • 295
  • 28 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Microbe–Cancer Stem Cell Interactions in Colorectal Carcinogenesis
Adult stem cells lie at the crossroads of tissue repair, inflammation, and malignancy. Intestinal microbiota and microbe–host interactions are pivotal to maintaining gut homeostasis and response to injury, and participate in colorectal carcinogenesis. Yet, limited knowledge is available on whether and how bacteria directly crosstalk with intestinal stem cells (ISC), particularly cancerous stem-like cells (CR-CSC), as engines for colorectal cancer initiation, maintenance, and metastatic dissemination. Among several bacterial species alleged to initiate or promote colorectal cancer (CRC), the pathobiont Fusobacterium Nucleatum has recently drawn significant attention for its epidemiologic association and mechanistic linkage with the disease. 
  • 161
  • 28 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Endemic Plants of Mauritius in Biomedicine
Resistance to the existing arsenal of therapeutic agents significantly impedes successful drug therapy. One approach to combat this burgeoning global crisis is to provide novel and more effective clinical agents. Terrestrial plants have long been exploited as a source of novel drug candidates. In this line, the endemic floral diversity of the Republic of Mauritius cannot be ignored. However, developing drugs from these plants is a multi-stepped, lengthy process that requires multistakeholder involvement from scientists, policymakers, and conservationists as well as the local community. 
  • 446
  • 28 Jul 2023
Topic Review
MicroRNAs in Endometrial Cancer Patients
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common cancers in developing and developed countries. Although the detection of this cancer is high at the early stages, there is still a lack of markers to monitor the disease, its recurrence, and metastasis. MiRNAs are in charge of the post-transcriptional regulation of genes responsible for the most important biological processes, which is why they are increasingly used as biomarkers in many types of cancer.
  • 281
  • 28 Jul 2023
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