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Topic Review
NF-κB Pathway Inhibitors in Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment
The NF-κB family is a group of transcription factors that play a pivotal role in regulating various biological processes, including immune responses, inflammation, cell survival, and cellular differentiation. The involvement of the NF-κB pathway in immune system responses, inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal survival highlights its significance in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression.
  • 220
  • 25 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for Pregnant
Pregnancy is a time of significant changes occurring in the composition of a woman’s body in order to provide support for the growth and development of the fetus. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is used to assess the body composition and hydration status. This technique represents a non-invasive, reliable, and fast clinical approach, which is well tolerated by patients. A segmental impedance measurement might be advantageous in pregnant women, particularly in late pregnancy.
  • 505
  • 25 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases encountered in obstetrics, and it is often associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. GDM affects about 9–25% of pregnancies worldwide. The frequency of GDM increases with the age of a pregnant woman.
  • 397
  • 25 Sep 2023
Topic Review
PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer is considered one of the most aggressive and deadliest gynecological malignancies worldwide. Unfortunately, the therapeutic methods that are considered the gold standard at this moment are associated with frequent recurrences. Survival in ovarian cancer is associated with the presence of a high number of intra tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Therefore, immunomodulation is considered to have an important role in cancer treatment, and immune checkpoint inhibitors may be useful for restoring T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. PD-1 is a 50–55 kDa, 288 aa transmembrane glycoprotein that lacks the membrane-proximal cysteine residue required for homodimerization that is present in the structure of the other members of the CD28 family, thus rendering PD-1 monomeric, both in solution and on cell surface. The cytoplasmic domain presents two tyrosine residues, with the membrane-proximal one constituting an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) and the second one constituting an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif (ITSM).
  • 305
  • 25 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Decoding Sepsis-Induced Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a pathological disease that often manifests as a complication in patients with sepsis. Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response caused by infection and is a major public health concern worldwide.
  • 472
  • 25 Sep 2023
Topic Review
EMT-Related lncRNAs in Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide; late diagnosis and drug resistance are two major factors often responsible for high morbidity and treatment failure. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a dynamic process that has been closely linked with cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been also associated with several cancer-related mechanisms, including EMT. 
  • 179
  • 25 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Diagnosis of Retroperitoneal Sarcoma
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are an uncommon and biologically heterogeneous group of tumors arising from mesenchymal cells. The incidence is estimated at five cases per 100,000 people per year. Retroperitoneal sarcomas (RPS) account for 10–15% of all STS, and their management depends on their anatomical characteristics and histotype. Due to their very low incidence, it is recommended that RPS be treated in reference centers and evaluated by an experienced multidisciplinary team (MDT). In Spain, the Spanish Group for Research in Sarcomas (GEIS) brings together experts from various specialties to promote research on sarcomas and improve treatment results.
  • 293
  • 25 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Local Antibiotic Carriers in Prosthetic Joint Infection
Prosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) causes significant morbidity and mortality for patients globally. Delivery of antibiotics to the site of infection has potential to improve the treatment outcomes and enhance biofilm eradication. These antibiotics can be delivered using an intra-articular catheter or combined with a carrier substance to enhance pharmacokinetic properties. Use of an antibiotic carrier is an alternative method of maintaining high local concentrations of antibiotic without systemic exposure. These substances incorporate an antimicrobial to prolong its half-life and provide predictable elution characteristics. They may also serve additional roles, such as filling dead space and providing mechanical support for limb alignment. The ideal antibiotic carrier would provide prolonged antibiotic concentrations at an effective level and achieve complete antibiotic release to minimise subtherapeutic elution time. It would also be versatile and have compatibility with the desired antibiotics, and fully resorbable with minimal risk of allergies, and systemic or local adverse effects.
  • 447
  • 25 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Bile Acids in Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common, reversible, and closely related to pregnancy condition characterized by elevated levels of bile acids (BAs) in blood serum and an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Due to the complex interactions between the mother and the fetus in metabolism and transplacental BAs transport, ICP is classified as a fetal-maternal disease. The disease is usually mild in pregnant women, but it can be fatal to the fetus, leading to numerous complications, including intrauterine death. The pathophysiology of the disease is based on inflammatory mechanisms caused by elevated BA levels.
  • 290
  • 25 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Dietary HDAC2i in Breast Cancer
Breast cancer (BC) is a lethal malignancy with high morbidity and mortality but lacks effective treatments thus far. Histone deacetylases 2 (HDAC2) inhibitor (HDAC2i) has been proven to exhibit an anti-cancer effect, can act as a sensitizer for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy. Simultaneously, dietary intervention, as a crucial supportive therapy, has been reported to provide ingredients containing HDAC2 inhibitory activity. Thus, the novel integration of dietary intervention with ICIs therapy may offer promising possibilities for improving treatment outcomes. 
  • 249
  • 25 Sep 2023
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