Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Metformin in Esophageal Cancer
Esophageal cancer (EC), ranking sixth in global cancer mortality, comprises two distinct diseases: esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). EAC is linked to Barrett’s esophagus (BE), influenced by factors like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and obesity, while ESSC arises from squamous cells, with tobacco and alcohol as notable risks.
  • 117
  • 14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Stem Cells in Wound Healing
Wound healing is an intricate process involving coordinated interactions among inflammatory cells, skin fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. Successful tissue repair hinges on controlled inflammation, angiogenesis, and remodeling facilitated by the exchange of cytokines and growth factors. Comorbid conditions can disrupt this process, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing wound healing, utilizing cells from diverse sources such as endothelial progenitor cells, bone marrow, adipose tissue, dermal, and inducible pluripotent stem cells.
  • 145
  • 14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Paternal Role in Pregnancy and in Birth Outcome
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as three or more consecutive abortions and constitutes about 1% of all cases of pregnancy loss. RPL is a multifactorial disease and recognizes several causes, including anatomic (uterine malformations), endocrine, infectious, immunologic, genetic, and idiopathic.
  • 131
  • 14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in BRAF Mutant Cancers
BRAF (B-Raf, B-rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma) mutations are clinically relevant in melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colorectal carcinoma (CRC), and other cancers. Patients suffering from BRAF mutant cancers are experiencing a considerably poor prognosis. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), which are prominent anticancer drug targets in their own right, play a crucial role in the development of drug resistance to BRAF inhibitors and the reactivation of MAPK/ERK signal transduction, as well as the establishment of bypassing signaling pathways.
  • 169
  • 14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Machine Learning for Neurodegenerative Diseases Detection
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD) are devastating conditions that can develop without noticeable symptoms, causing irreversible damage to neurons before any signs become clinically evident. NDs are a major cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Web and mobile technologies, through the use of machine learning and AI in apps and web-based tools, offer affordable, accessible screening options for cognitive deficits, showing promise in the early detection of neurodegenerative disorders with demonstrated effectiveness.
  • 113
  • 13 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Extracorporeal Blood Purification Techniques for Septic Hyperinflammation
Various techniques for extracorporeal blood purification can decrease levels of elevated proinflammatory cytokines in septic shock, potentially mitigating the severity of the systemic inflammatory response. Some methods are effective in removing endotoxins, especially in sepsis caused by Gram-negative bacteria, which may aid in stabilizing the patient’s condition. Blood purification can enhance hemodynamic stability and reduce the need for vasopressors, crucial for managing septic shock. Techniques like continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) offer simultaneous management of acute kidney injury—a frequent complication in septic shock—alongside the removal of toxins and cytokines.
  • 73
  • 13 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Muscle Tension Dysphonia
Muscle Tension Dysphonia (MTD) is a relatively new clinical entity that, despite being one of the most frequent causes of functional dysphonia, is little-known by many otorhinolaryngologists. MTD has been defined as a functional voice disorder characterized by excessive tension in the extrinsic laryngeal musculature during phonation but without organic or neurological alterations.
  • 156
  • 13 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Management Plan according to EOSS-P
hildhood obesity, affecting 29% of 7–9-year-olds across 33 European countries, is a significant public health challenge. Its persistence into adulthood poses grave health risks influenced by genetic, environmental, and socio-economic factors. Belgium introduced a new care pathway in December 2023, based on the Edmonton Obesity Staging System for Pediatrics (EOSS-P), addressing four health domains and staging obesity severity. This pathway operates across three levels: primary care physicians, Paediatric Multidisciplinary Obesity Management Centres (PMOCs), and Centers of Expertise for Paediatric Obesity Management (CEPOs). Each stage of EOSS-P demands tailored interventions. Early stages involve dietary interventions, physical activity promotion, and behavior modifications. As obesity severity progresses, treatments intensify, encompassing psychological support, anti-obesity medications, and, in some cases, bariatric surgery.
  • 85
  • 13 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Cytokine Responses in Solid-Tumors Therapy
Precision cancer medicine primarily aims to identify individual patient genomic variations and exploit vulnerabilities in cancer cells to select suitable patients for specific drugs. These genomic features are commonly determined by gene sequencing prior to therapy, to identify individuals who would be most responsive. This precision approach in cancer therapeutics remains a powerful tool that benefits a smaller pool of patients, sparing others from unnecessary treatments. A limitation of this approach is that proteins, not genes, are the ultimate effectors of biological functions, and therefore the targets of therapeutics. An additional dimension in precision medicine that considers an individual’s cytokine response to cancer therapeutics is proposed. Cytokine responses to therapy are multifactorial and vary among individuals. Thus, precision is dictated by the nature and magnitude of cytokine responses in the tumor microenvironment exposed to therapy. 
  • 93
  • 13 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Pharmaceutical Properties of Gabapentin
Gabapentin (GBP) is a common name for 1-(aminomethyl)cyclohexaneacetic acid (C9H17NO2, CAS Registry No. 60142-96-3), a GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) derivative and a popular active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). It has a molecular weight of 171.34 and two pKa values of 3.68 and 10.70.
  • 79
  • 13 Mar 2024
  • Page
  • of
  • 1352
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Video Production Service
Feedback