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Topic Review
Chemistry and Radiochemistry of DOTAZOL
Bisphosphonates are therapeutic agents that have been used for almost five decades in the treatment of various bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, Paget disease and prevention of osseous complications in cancer patients. In nuclear medicine, simple bisphosphonates such as 99mTc-radiolabelled oxidronate and medronate remain first-line bone scintigraphic imaging agents for both oncology and non-oncology indications. In addition, bifunctional bisphosphonates such as DOTAZOL can be tagged with radiometals for theranostic applications.
  • 230
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Heterogeneity of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease with a high incidence and mortality rate. The number of new CRC cases worldwide reached 1.93 million in 2020, ranking third after breast cancer and lung cancer. The number of CRC-related deaths reached 940,000, making it the second most deadly tumor globally. In China, according to the 2016 national cancer statistics published by the National Cancer Center, a total of 4.06 million tumor patients were diagnosed in 2016, with approximately 408,000 being CRC patients. Among these cases, approximately 196,000 CRC patients died, accounting for 8.10% of the total.
  • 207
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Liver Tissue Engineering
The liver is the largest gland in the human body, mediating essential functions in homeostasis, metabolism, serum protein production, storage of glycogen, drug detoxification, immune system, and production and secretion of bile acids. The ultimate goal of liver tissue engineering (LTE)  is to restore partial or total function of the liver during liver failure. A fully functional liver is the ultimate aim of LTE, and functional liver tissue can be used for drug testing. Moreover, LTE has the potential to develop an extracorporeal liver support (ECLS) system performing the essential functions of the liver to reduce mortality or to bridge a patient to a liver transplant. With recent advances in the field of regenerative medicine, tissue engineering holds high potential to progress as an alternative or supplement to LT. A major advance in the LTE area was published by Chhabra and colleagues, reporting the development of a vascularized liver model to understand liver regeneration.
  • 353
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Endocrine Changes Causing Infertility in Obese Males
Overweight and obesity are terms used to describe an abnormal and excessive build-up of body fat that may have a detrimental effect on health. Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body weight per height that is widely used to classify adults as overweight or obese. It is calculated by dividing a person’s body weight (in kilograms) by the square of their height (in meters/m2). The World Health Organization (WHO) defines overweight as a BMI of 25 kg/m2 or above and obesity as a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or above. The rising incidence of obesity has coincided with rising levels of poor reproductive outcomes. The molecular basis for the association of infertility in obese males is now being explained through various mechanisms. Insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and changes in serum and gonadal concentrations of adipokines, like leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and ghrelin have been implicated as causes of male infertility in obese males.
  • 115
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) presents distinct challenges during pregnancy due to its influence on maternal health and pregnancy outcomes. IBD can affect women of reproductive age aspiring for a safe pregnancy. Effective disease control before conception is vital to improve fertility and ensure a healthy pregnancy, thus reducing potential flare-ups. Continuation of IBD treatments during pregnancy and breastfeeding is generally viewed as safe, emphasizing the importance of thorough disease management for both mother and child.
  • 112
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Sudden Death Risk in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot
Although substantial progress has been made to prevent sudden cardiac death in repaired tetralogy of Fallot patients, ventricular arrhythmia and sudden death continue to be major causes of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Greater survival in contemporary cohorts has been attributed to enhanced surgical techniques, more effective management of heart failure, and increased efforts in risk stratification and management of ventricular arrhythmias.
  • 394
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Nanoparticle Features That Impact Liver-Targeting and Tolerogenic Effects
Liver-targeting nanoparticles have emerged as a promising platform for the induction of immune tolerance by taking advantage of the liver’s unique tolerogenic properties and nanoparticles’ physicochemical flexibility. Such an approach provides a versatile solution to the treatment of a diversity of immunologic diseases.
  • 351
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Basis for Treatment of  Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Ductus arteriosus (DA) serves a crucial role in utero by redirecting the oxygenated blood away from the fluid-filled fetal lungs, and towards the systemic circulation for optimal fetal development. Typically, in term infants, DA undergoes functional constriction and closure within 1–3 days after birth, followed by tissue remodeling to ensure permanent closure. However, the DA may remain persistently patent postnatally, especially in very preterm infants, and is commonly referred to as patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Its prevalence is inversely proportional to gestational age; more than 60% of preterm infants under 28 weeks of gestational age (GA) continue to have PDA 7 days after birth or longer. 
  • 137
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Radiomics Facilitating the Treatment of Malignant Liver Tumors
In the realm of managing malignant liver tumors, the convergence of radiomics and machine learning has redefined the landscape of medical practice. The field of radiomics employs advanced algorithms to extract thousands of quantitative features (including intensity, texture, and structure) from medical images. Machine learning, including its subset deep learning, aids in the comprehensive analysis and integration of these features from diverse image sources. The fusion of radiomics and machine learning has yielded promising results in the evaluation of treatments for malignant liver tumors (e.g., surgical resection, liver transplant, ablation therapy, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), radiotherapy, and systemic therapy.
  • 136
  • 05 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Stroke in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrythmia and one of the strongest risk factors and causal mechanisms of ischemic stroke (IS). Acute IS due to AF tends to be more severe than with other etiology of IS and patients with treated AF have reported to experience worse outcomes after endovascular treatment compared with patients without AF. As cardioembolism accounts for more than a fifth of ISs and the risk of future stroke can be mitigated with effective anticoagulation, which has been shown to be effective and safe in patients with paroxysmal or sustained AF, the screening of patients with cryptogenic IS (CIS) for AF is paramount.
  • 374
  • 05 Jan 2024
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