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Topic Review
Targeted Glioma Therapy
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of glioma, with a median survival of 14.6 months post-diagnosis. Understanding the molecular profile of such tumors allowed the development of specific targeted therapies toward GBM, with a major role attributed to tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Targeted therapeutics are drugs that work by specific binding to GBM-specific or overexpressed markers on the tumor cellular surface and therefore contain a recognition moiety linked to a cytotoxic agent, which produces an antiproliferative effect. 
  • 88
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Role of Pyroptosis in Psoriasis and Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Inflammatory skin diseases, also called inflammatory dermatoses, are a group of immune-mediated skin diseases with a complex etiology in which both genetic and environmental (i.e., lifestyle) factors play an essential role. Psoriasis and hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) are two of the many diseases that are encompassed by this term. It has been shown that pyroptosis plays a role in the development and exacerbation of comorbidities occurring in patients suffering from psoriasis and HS. 
  • 115
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Innovation Technology for Huntington’s Disease Rehabilitation
Huntington’s disease is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by the repetition of cytosine, adenine, and guanine trinucleotides on the short arm of chromosome 4p16.3 within the Huntingtin gene. Given the considerable impact the disease has on the patient’s personal, relational, and psychophysical sphere, rehabilitation approaches are an excellent option to treat these patients. 
  • 115
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Treatment of Enterococcus faecalis Endocarditis
Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is a commensal bacterium that causes various infections in surgical sites, the urinary tract, and blood. The bacterium is becoming a significant concern because it tends to affect the elderly population, which has a high prevalence of undiagnosed degenerative valvular disease and is often subjected to invasive procedures and implanted medical devices. The bacterium’s actions are influenced by specific characteristics like pili activity and biofilm formation. This resistance significantly impedes the effectiveness of numerous antibiotic therapies, particularly in cases of endocarditis.
  • 121
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Role of Supplements and Vitamins in MM Treatment
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is the second most prevalent hematologic malignancy, and its incidence has been increasing enormously. The prognosis of MM has changed radically with the introduction of new drugs that have improved life expectancy; recurrences are a common occurrence during the course of the disease and are characterized by an increase in refractory to treatment. Moreover, MM patients are challenged by quality of life-related concerns while limited conventional therapy may be offered. This includes bone pain and dialysis due to the complications of acute renal failure.
  • 141
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Therapeutic Drugs of Mitochondrial-Respiratory-Chain in Chronic Kidney Failure
The function of the respiratory chain is closely associated with kidney function, and the dysfunction of the respiratory chain is a primary pathophysiological change in chronic kidney failure. The incidence of chronic kidney failure caused by defects in respiratory-chain-related genes has frequently been overlooked. Correcting abnormal metabolic reprogramming, rescuing the “toxic respiratory chain”, and targeting the clearance of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are potential therapies for treating chronic kidney failure. These treatments have shown promising results in slowing fibrosis and inflammation progression and improving kidney function in various animal models of chronic kidney failure and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The mitochondrial respiratory chain is a key target worthy of attention in the treatment of chronic kidney failure.
  • 149
  • 16 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Management and Treatment for Dysphagia in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Patients with neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) often experience functional dysphagia, which may involve dysfunction in a specific phase of swallowing or in the entire process. Distinguishing the etiology of dysphagia can be difficult, and it is important to always look out for signs pointing to NDD as the cause. Thorough diagnostic work-up is essential, and it includes a comprehensive history and physical examination, alongside swallowing function tests, such as fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, videofluoroscopic swallowing study, and high-resolution manometry. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach with a treatment plan tailored to each patient. 
  • 188
  • 16 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Pathophysiology of Extra-Intestinal Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), are complex multifactorial chronic inflammatory disorders affecting nearly 7 million patients worldwide, with an increasing prevalence in Northern Europe and emerging countries. IBD can be associated with a wide spectrum of extra-intestinal manifestations (EIMs) with a significant impact on patients’ quality of life. The pathophysiology of EIMs in IBD is intricate and uncertain. The European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization (ECCO) proposed an operational definition of EIMs’ pathology in IBD patients.
  • 97
  • 16 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Morphological Variations of the Liver
Radiologists and oncogynecologists should be familiar with different liver shape variations to avoid diagnostic errors and unwanted intraoperative surgical complications. Surgeons should be aware of variations in liver shape as in such cases, the vasculature or gallbladder may have a variant anatomical location.
  • 303
  • 16 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Pathogenesis of Amblyopia
Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by interocular suppression of visual input, affecting visual acuity, stereopsis, contrast sensitivity, and other visual functions. Conventional treatment comprises occlusion of the sound eye.
  • 245
  • 16 Jan 2024
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