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Topic Review
Cancer Tissue-Derived and Peripheral Blood Biomarkers in HGSOC
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is one of the most lethal tumors generally and the most fatal cancer of the female genital tract. The approved standard therapy consists of surgical cytoreduction and platinum/taxane-based chemotherapy, and of targeted therapy in selected patients. The main therapeutic problem is chemoresistance of recurrent and metastatic HGSOC tumors which results in low survival in the group of FIGO III/IV. Therefore, the prediction and monitoring of chemoresistance seems to be of utmost importance for the improvement of HGSOC management. 
  • 204
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Common Misconceptions about Diet and Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women. Diet significantly influences the development, progression, and prevention of breast cancer.
  • 93
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Psychotropic Medications and Dermatological Side Effects
Psychotropic medications, commonly prescribed for psychiatric disorders, can have underappreciated dermatological side effects. Adverse reactions (ADRs) to these medications are a leading cause of discontinuations and therefore can lead to poor compliance. The diagnosis of drug-induced dermatological reactions is a significant challenge due to factors such as multifactorial aetiology and complex presentation.
  • 184
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
AI Applications in Dental Diagnostics and Cephalometric Analysis
Artificial intelligence (AI) describes the ability of machines to perform tasks that are classified as intelligent. AI can be classified into two main categories: symbolic AI and machine learning (ML). Symbolic AI involves structuring an algorithm in a way that is easily understandable to humans. Machine learning (ML) is the predominant paradigm in the field of AI. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine has transformed various medical specialties, including orthodontics. AI has shown promising results in enhancing the accuracy of diagnoses, treatment planning, and predicting treatment outcomes. Its usage in orthodontic practices worldwide has increased with the availability of various AI applications and tools.
  • 243
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Neuro-Cognitive Comorbidities in Rats with Absence Epilepsy
Absence epilepsy is a non-convulsive type of epilepsy characterized by the sudden loss of awareness. It is associated with thalamo-cortical impairment, which may cause neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive problems. Rats with spontaneous absence-like seizures are widely used as in vivo genetic models for absence epilepsy; they display behavioral and cognitive problems similar to epilepsy in humans, such as genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) and Wistar Albino rats from Rijswijk (WAG/Rij). Depression- and anxiety-like behaviors were apparent in GAERS, but no anxiety symptoms were found in WAG/Rij rats. Deficits in executive functions and memory impairment in WAG/Rij rats, i.e., cognitive comorbidities, were linked to the severity of epilepsy. Wistar rats can develop spontaneous seizures in adulthood, so caution is advised when using them as a control epileptic strain.
  • 116
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Large Language Models and Application in Nephrology
Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4, are an emergent technology that uses machine learning to process and analyze human language. Initially designed to improve natural language understanding and generation, LLMs have begun to extend their applicability beyond text-based tasks like translation, summarization, or conversational agents. Chain-of-thought prompting can enhance the problem-solving capabilities of AI models, particularly in complex and nuanced fields like medicine. 
  • 159
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Articular Cartilage
Articular cartilage is a load-bearing connective tissue that has a low self-repair potential. There are high demands placed on articular hyaline cartilage in the organism, mainly mechanical flexibility, load-bearing capacity, and the ability to reduce friction. The function of the cartilage in joints is to ensure low friction and the ability to distribute the weight load acting in the joint. An articular cartilage defect can persist without healing, or if it extends into the blood-filled subchondrium, then it is replaced by cartilage tissue that does not have suitable strength properties.
  • 358
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Anti-Inflammation Strategies in Ischemic Heart Disease
Cardiovascular (CV) diseases remain a global health challenge, with ischemic heart disease (IHD) being the primary cause of both morbidity and mortality. Despite optimal pharmacological therapy, older patients with IHD exhibit an increased susceptibility to recurrent ischemic events, significantly impacting their prognosis. Inflammation is intricately linked with the aging process and plays a pivotal role in the evolution of atherosclerosis. Emerging anti-inflammatory therapies have shown promise in reducing ischemic events among high-risk populations.
  • 146
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Biochemistry of Cysteines
Many pathologic conditions are associated with oxidative stress and have increased risk for clinically significant thrombotic events. These conditions include, but are not limited to, disorders of metabolism (e.g., dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and obesity), chronic systemic inflammation, aging, cancer, infection, and blood disorders including hemoglobinopathy, and antiphospholipid syndrome. 
  • 96
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Modifiable Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which encompasses deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are many factors, both acquired and inherited, known to increase the risk of VTE. Most of these result in increased risk via several common mechanisms including circulatory stasis, endothelial damage, or increased hypercoagulability. 
  • 191
  • 17 Jan 2024
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