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Topic Review
Vascular Endothelial Glycocalyx
Vascular endothelial cells are a monolayer of cells that comprise the innermost layer of cells in the vascular system, including arteries, veins, and capillaries, and serve a barrier function for the blood vessels surrounding all organs and in direct contact with the blood flowing through the vascular lumen.
  • 1.0K
  • 30 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Vascular Dysfunction in Preeclampsia
Preeclampsia is a life-threatening pregnancy-associated cardiovascular disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria at 20 weeks of gestation. Potential abnormalities include impaired placentation, incomplete spiral artery remodeling, and endothelial damage, which are further propagated by immune factors, mitochondrial stress, and an imbalance of pro- and antiangiogenic substances. Newfound evidence indicates that vasopressin is an early mediator and biomarker of the disorder, and promising future therapeutic avenues include mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction, excess oxidative stress, and the resulting inflammatory state.
  • 658
  • 17 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Vascular Diseases in Women
According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among women worldwide, yet its magnitude is often underestimated. Biological and gender differences affect health, diagnosis, and healthcare in numerous ways. The lack of sex and gender awareness in health research and healthcare is an ongoing issue that affects not only research but also treatment and outcomes. The importance of recognizing the impacts of both sex and gender on health and of knowing the differences between the two in healthcare is beginning to gain ground. There is more appreciation of the roles that biological differences (sex) and sociocultural power structures (gender) have, and both sex and gender affect health behavior, the development of diseases, their diagnosis, management, and the long-term effects of an illness. 
  • 118
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Vascular Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a comprehensive expression to identify a condition of chronic hyperglycemia whose causes derive from different metabolic disorders characterized by altered insulin secretion or faulty insulin effect on its targets or often both mechanisms . Atherosclerosis (ATS) is the most frequent cause of arterial vasculopathy and is undoubtedly an insidious condition: it is unlikely to be the trigger in coronary artery disease, ischemic stroke, and peripheral artery disease (PAD) on its own; instead, it acts together with other chronic degenerative diseases such as arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus to constitute the physiopathological basis of cardio- and cerebrovascular accidents.
  • 499
  • 03 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients are at high risk of presenting with arterial calcification or stiffness, which confers increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. In recent years, it has become evident that VC is an active process regulated by various molecules that may act as inhibitors of vessel mineralization.
  • 368
  • 09 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Vascular Alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease Brains
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common degenerative disorder in the elderly in developed countries. Growing evidence is pointing at endothelial dysfunction as a key player in the cognitive decline course of AD. As a main component of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), the dysfunction of endothelial cells driven by vascular risk factors associated with AD allows the passage of toxic substances to the cerebral parenchyma, producing chronic hypoperfusion that eventually causes an inflammatory and neurotoxic response.
  • 318
  • 06 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Vascular Aging
Vascular aging, i.e., the deterioration of the structure and function of the arteries over the life course, predicts cardiovascular events and mortality. Vascular degeneration can be recognized before becoming clinically symptomatic; therefore, its assessment allows the early identification of individuals at risk. This opens the possibility of minimizing disease progression. Vascular remodeling with advancing age is characterized by arterial stiffening and calcification. Arterial stiffening affects the macro- and micro-vasculature in unique ways. The main function of large arteries is to dampen the pulsatility of cardiac contraction by elastic recoiling after systolic expansion, so that constant, rather than pulsatile, blood flow is propelled to organs and tissues, including the coronary arteries.
  • 452
  • 06 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Vascular Access in Children with Short Bowel Syndrome
Short Bowel Syndrome and intestinal failure are chronic and severe conditions that may require life-long parenteral nutrition in children. Survival of these children relies on the correct functioning of central venous catheters; therefore, careful management, prevention, and treatment of complications is of paramount importance. Despite a growing awareness on preserving the vascular real estate, a certain number of patients still experience a progressive and life-threatening exhaustion of vascular access. 
  • 538
  • 31 May 2022
Topic Review
Various Uses of Lycopene
Lycopene is a carotenoid abundantly found in red vegetables. This natural pigment displays an important role in human biological systems due to its excellent antioxidant and health-supporting functions, which show a protective effect against cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, cancers, and diabetes.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Various Protein Kinase Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents
Protein kinases (PTKs) are enzymes that regulate the biological activity of proteins by phosphorylation of certain amino acid residues. This reaction causes a conformational change from an inactive to an active form of the protein, which is one of the most important regulatory mechanisms of the cell cycle and transduction of external signals. Dysregulation of protein kinases activity is implicated in the processes of carcinogenesis and the progression of various solid cancers. Therefore, protein kinases are prime targets for the development of selective anticancer drugs.
  • 1.8K
  • 22 Apr 2022
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