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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with multifactorial etiology, characterized by impairment in two main functional areas: (1) communication and social interactions, and (2) skills, interests and activities. ASD patients often suffer from gastrointestinal symptoms associated with dysbiotic states and a “leaky gut.” A key role in the pathogenesis of ASD has been attributed to the gut microbiota, as it influences central nervous system development and neuropsychological and gastrointestinal homeostasis through the microbiota–gut–brain axis.
  • 597
  • 30 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Probiotics on Benign Gynaecological Disorders
Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer beneficial effects on human health when an adequate dose is administered. The use of probiotics has gained tremendous interest from the public due to its promising effects in the management of various reproductive diseases.
  • 485
  • 30 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
Hodgkin lymphoma, a hematological malignancy of lymphoid origin that typically arises from germinal-center B cells, has an excellent overall prognosis. However, the treatment of patients who relapse or develop resistant disease still poses a substantial clinical and research challenge, even though current risk-adapted and response-based treatment techniques produce overall survival rates of over 95%. The appearance of late malignancies after the successful cure of primary or relapsed disease continues to be a major concern, mostly because of high survival rates. Particularly in pediatric HL patients, the chance of developing secondary leukemia is manifold compared to that in the general pediatric population, and the prognosis for patients with secondary leukemia is much worse than that for patients with other hematological malignancies.
  • 337
  • 30 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Membrane Transport Proteins in Cancer
The membrane transport and channel proteins are highly relevant for the use of pharmacological ascorbate in cancer therapy and are involved in the transfer of active substances such as ascorbate, hydrogen peroxide, and iron that predominantly must enter malignant cells to induce antiproliferative effects and especially ferroptosis.
  • 321
  • 30 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Irreversible Electroporation in Oncology
Locoregional therapies play an ever-increasing role in contemporary oncology. Researchers provide an up-to-date, informed analysis of locoregional therapies harnessing electric pulses. Irreversible electroporation (IRE), gene electrotransfer (GET), electrochemotherapy (ECT), calcium electroporation (Ca-EP), and tumour-treating fields (TTF) are integral to the therapeutic strategy in several solid tumours, ranging from skin cancers to visceral and bone metastases.
  • 412
  • 30 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Finerenone
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus and an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Despite guideline-directed therapy of CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes, the risk of renal failure and cardiovascular events still remains high, and diabetes remains the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease in affected patients. To date, current medications for CKD and type 2 diabetes mellitus have not reset residual risk in patients due to a high grade of inflammation and fibrosis contributing to kidney and heart disease.
  • 419
  • 30 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Link between Diabetes, Pancreatic Tumors, and miRNAs
Despite significant progress in medicine, pancreatic cancer is one of the most tardily diagnosed cancer and is consequently associated with a poor prognosis and a low survival rate. The asymptomatic clinical picture and the lack of relevant diagnostic markers for the early stages of pancreatic cancer are believed to be the major constraints behind an accurate diagnosis of this disease. Furthermore, underlying mechanisms of pancreatic cancer development are still poorly recognized. It is well accepted that diabetes increases the risk of pancreatic cancer development, however the precise mechanisms are weakly investigated. Studies are focused on microRNAs as a causative factor of pancreatic cancer. 
  • 213
  • 29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Diabetic Choroidopathy in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic microangiopathy is one of the main responsible factors of multiorgan complications in diabetes, including nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy (DR), cardiovascular disease, and neuropathy. The retinal vascular system, neurons, and glia constitute the neurovascular unit (NVU), where these structures present a close interdependency that promotes autoregulation, maintains the blood–retinal barrier (BRB), and provides structural support. Diabetes affects the NVU, leading to retinal dysfunction and microvascular damage. An early loss of neurovascular coupling, neurodegeneration, glial alteration, and neuroinflammation can occur even before the microvascular alterations become appreciable. Although the retinal microvasculopathy in DR is preponderant and has captured most of the attention in clinical studies, the choroidal vascular layer changes are not fully elucidated. The choroidal vascular bed nourishes the outer retinal layers; the foveola, in particular, relies solely on the choroid. 
  • 351
  • 29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
GCR Expression in Critical Illness and Sepsis
Critical illness refers to a state of poor health where the vital organs are not functioning properly and immediate care is necessary to prevent the risk of imminent death. This condition may however have the potential for reversal. The actions of cortisol are mediated through two types of corticosteroid receptors: the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GCR). The MR is primarily involved in regulating electrolyte balance, while the GCR plays a crucial role in regulating the immune response and inflammation.
  • 317
  • 29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Peripheralization Strategies Applied to Morphinans
Among therapeutically valuable opioids, morphinans are of the utmost clinical importance as analgesic drugs because of their agonistic actions to the mu-opioid receptor. They include powerful pain relieving agents, such as naturally occurring alkaloids (e.g., morphine and codeine), semisynthetic analogues (e.g., hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone, oxymorphone and buprenorphine), and synthetic derivatives (e.g., levorphanol).
  • 322
  • 29 Jun 2023
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