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Topic Review
Mutations and Biomarkers of DNA Damage in Myeloma
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by several genetic abnormalities, including chromosomal translocations, genomic deletions and gains, and point mutations. DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair mechanisms are altered in MM to allow for tumor development, progression, and resistance to therapies.
  • 367
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Ketogenic Diet and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
The ketogenic diet (KD) has attracted significant interest for the treatment of insulin resistance (IR) and for the control of carbohydrate metabolism, which has proven to be beneficial for several dysmetabolic conditions, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The goal of the KD is to induce a fasting-like metabolism with production of chetonic bodies. Ketosis is a good regulator of calorie intake and mimics the starvation effect in the body, leading to body weight control and consequent metabolism. Additionally, during ketogenesis, insulin receptor sensitivity is also promoted. 
  • 191
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Adoptive T Cell Immunotherapy for Osteosarcoma
Patients with osteosarcoma often develop resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, where personalized targeted therapies should offer new hope. T cell immunotherapy as a complementary or alternative treatment modality is advancing rapidly in general, but its potential against osteosarcoma remains largely unexplored. Strategies incorporating immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cells, and T cell engaging bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are being explored to tackle relapsed or refractory osteosarcoma. 
  • 135
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Benefits of Judo Training for Brain Functions Related to Physical and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults
Judo is a well-known Japanese martial art that also features in Olympic games. Recently, an increasing interest has been observed in the application of judo as a multicomponent exercise, with a growing body of evidence showing that this feature improves physical and cognitive performance in older adults. Therefore, this review highlights the benefits of judo training in preventing physical and cognitive decline in older adults. Specifically, first, this review outlines the basic characteristics of judo (philosophy, match, and training). Subsequently, prior research examining the impacts of judo training on the physical and cognitive aspects of elderly individuals is reviewed. Thereafter, the brain mechanisms underlying the effects of judo training in improving physical and cognitive performance are discussed. Throughout this review, judo training demonstrated some positive effects on physical (gait and balance, among others) and cognitive (memory and executive function) function in older adults. These positive effects are attributed to a variety of changes in the brain (e.g., increased neurotrophic factor expression and increased cerebral blood flow, among others) that affect different brain regions and networks both functionally and structurally. From these findings, this review concludes that judo training can be an effective way to maintain and prevent physical and cognitive decline in older adults.
  • 669
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Mapping the Glymphatic Pathway Using Imaging
The glymphatic system is a recently discovered waste clearance system that has been associated with many diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, hemorrhage, and neurotrauma. Thus, it opens an array of research opportunities to improve and understand their prognoses. Currently, ex vivo fluorescence microscopy of brain slices, MRI, and macroscopic cortical imaging are the most common ways of determining glymphatic system function.
  • 240
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Adipocyte Hyperplasia
Adipose tissue comprises various cell types, including mature adipocytes, stromal cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, blood cells, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and APCs. APCs, resembling fibroblasts, can differentiate into different preadipocyte lineages (e.g., beige and white adipocytes) in response to genetic and environmental factors, contributing to adipose tissue hyperplasia expansion.
  • 571
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Flaxseed Reduces Cancer Risk
Researchers utilize a targeted metabolomics dataset in combination with a reanalysis of past work to investigate the “metabo-bioenergetic” adaptations that occur in White Leghorn laying hens while consuming dietary flaxseed. Results suggest that flaxseed accelerates bioenergetic flux through glycolysis and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in liver, thereby protecting the animal from obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (i.e., primary cancer risk factors).
  • 327
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Biomarkers following Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of long-lasting morbidity and mortality worldwide, being a devastating condition related to the impairment of the nervous system after an external traumatic event resulting in transitory or permanent functional disability, with a significant burden to the healthcare system.
  • 251
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Omics Approaches to Uncover Breast Cancer Alterations
Breast cancer (BC) has about 2.26 million new cases and has caused nearly 685,000 deaths worldwide in the 2020-2022, making it the most common diagnosed cancer type in the world. BC are intricate ecosystems formed by both the tumor microenvironment and malignant cells and its heterogeneity impacts on the response to treatment. Biomedical research has entered the era of massive omics data thanks to the high-throughput sequencing revolution, quick progress and widespread adoption. These technologies—liquid biopsy, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, pharmaco-omics and Artificially Intelligence imaging—could help researchers and clinicians to better understand the formation and evolution of BC.
  • 198
  • 25 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Functionalized Metal Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy
Metallic nanoparticles are promising nanomaterials in cancer therapy; however, functionalization of these nanoparticles with biomolecules has become relevant as their effect on cancer cells is considerably increased by photothermal and photodynamic therapies, drug nanocarriers, and specificity by antibodies, resulting in new therapies that are more specific against different types of cancer. 
  • 236
  • 25 Aug 2023
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