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Topic Review
Left Ventricle Unloading in VA ECMO
Impressively increasing availability of mechanical circulatory/cardiac support systems (MCSs) worldwide, together with the deepening of the knowledge of critical care medical practitioners, has inevitably led to the discussion about further improvements of intensive care associated to MCS. An appealing topic of the left ventricle (LV) overload related to VA ECMO support endangering myocardial recovery is being widely discussed within the scientific community. Unloading of LV leads to the reduction in LV end-diastolic pressure, reduction in pressure in the left atrium, and decrease in the LV thrombus formation risk. Consequently, better conditions for myocardial recovery, with comfortable filling pressures and a better oxygen delivery/demand ratio, are achieved. The combination of VA ECMO and Impella device, also called ECPELLA, seems to be a promising strategy that may bring the improvement of CS mortality rates.
  • 380
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Investigating Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an incurable skin disease that develops in about two-thirds of patients before the age of 40 and requires lifelong treatment; its pathological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The core pathological process of psoriasis is epidermal thickening caused by the excessive proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes, which is similar to the key feature of cancer; the malignant proliferation of cancer cells causes tumor enlargement, suggesting that there is a certain degree of commonality between psoriasis and cancer.
  • 331
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Diet, Nutrition, and Oral Health in Older Adults
Diet, nutrition, and oral health are closely linked. Malnutrition is a challenging health concern in older adults that is associated with physical decline affecting their daily activities and quality of life.
  • 363
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Molecular Basis of Oesophageal Cancer
Worldwide, oesophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of deaths related to cancer and represents a major health concern. Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the regions of the world with the highest incidence and mortality rates for oesophageal cancer and most of the cases of oesophageal cancer in this region are oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The development and progression of OSCC is characterized by genomic changes which can be utilized as diagnostic or prognostic markers.
  • 114
  • 07 Oct 2023
Topic Review
The Roles of Periodontal Bacteria in Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis (AS) is an inflammatory vascular disease that constitutes a major underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and stroke. Infection is a contributing risk factor for AS. Epidemiological evidence has implicated individuals afflicted by periodontitis displaying an increased susceptibility to AS and CVD. 
  • 221
  • 06 Oct 2023
Topic Review
The Interaction between Melanoma Cells and Tumor Microenvironment
Malignant melanoma is a very aggressive skin cancer, characterized by a heterogeneous nature and high metastatic potential. The incidence of melanoma is continuously increasing worldwide, and it is one of the most common cancers in young adults. The understanding of melanoma biology has increased profoundly, and disease management for patients with disseminated disease has improved due to the emergence of immunotherapy and targeted therapy. However, a significant fraction of patients relapse or do not respond adequately to treatment. This can partly be explained by the complex signaling between the tumor and its microenvironment, giving rise to melanoma phenotypes with different patterns of disease progression.
  • 199
  • 06 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Obesity-Related Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia worldwide and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms underlying AF are complex and multifactorial. In addition to overall hemodynamic changes due to increased body weight, excess adiposity raises systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, which lead to adverse atrial remodeling. This remodeling includes atrial fibrosis, atrial dilation, decreased electrical conduction between atrial myocytes, and altered ionic currents, making atrial tissue more vulnerable to both the initiation and maintenance of AF. However, much remains to be learned about the mechanistic links between obesity and AF. 
  • 239
  • 06 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Anticoagulation Strategies in Patients with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has recently increased exponentially. ECMO has become the preferred mode of organ support in refractory respiratory or circulatory failure. The fragile balance of haemostasis physiology is massively altered by the patient’s critical condition and specifically the aetiology of the underlying disease. Furthermore, an application of ECMO conveys another disturbance of haemostasis due to blood-circuit interaction and the presence of an oxygenator. 
  • 240
  • 06 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Molecular Theranostics in Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common subtype of thyroid cancer and has an excellent overall prognosis. However, metastatic DTC in certain cases may have a poor prognosis as it becomes radioiodine-refractory. Molecular imaging is essential for disease evaluation and further management. The most commonly used tracers are [18F]FDG and isotopes of radioiodine. Several other radiopharmaceuticals may be used as well, with different diagnostic performances. 
  • 220
  • 06 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Aminoglycosides-Related Ototoxicity
Aminoglycosides are broad-spectrum antibiotics largely used in children, but they have potential toxic side effects, including ototoxicity. Ototoxicity from aminoglycosides is permanent and is a consequence of its action on the inner ear cells via multiple mechanisms.
  • 230
  • 05 Oct 2023
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