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Topic Review
Conditioned Media from Radioresistant and Chemoresistant Cancer Cells
Chemoradiation therapy (CRT) is a commonly indicated treatment in the case of cancer. In combination with surgery or alone, it offers a relief of condition or even a cure for some patients. Resistance to chemo- or radiotherapy is the main obstacle to consistent treatment outcomes in oncology patients.
  • 133
  • 13 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Histomorphological Changes in Fish Gut after Prebiotics/Probiotics Treatment
Activities such as the digestion and absorption of feeds occur into the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which also serves to excrete waste products of digestion. These processes occur thanks to the different species of microorganisms inhabiting the GIT, the microbiota, which contribute to the health status of fish by providing metabolic benefits and counteracting pathogen infection. The microbiota is affected by environmental conditions and by the dietary habits of fish species, and it may be modulated by the administration of feed additives based on prebiotics and probiotics. These represent a very useful tool to improve the health status of fish since they are able to enhance gut efficiency, nutrient uptake, defense against pathogens, and growth performance, as may also be assessed by histological endpoints.
  • 130
  • 13 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Mechanisms Governing Oligodendrocyte Viability in Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which is triggered by an autoimmune assault targeting oligodendrocytes and myelin. Recent research indicates that the demise of oligodendrocytes due to an autoimmune attack contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
  • 126
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Mass Spectrometry Investigation of ATP-Binding Cassette Proteins
Drug resistance remains one of the main causes of poor outcome in cancer therapy. It is also becoming evident that drug resistance to both chemotherapy and to antibiotics is driven by more than one mechanism. So far, there are at least eight recognized mechanisms behind such resistance. In normal tissues, ATP-binding cassette (ABC)  transporters protect the cells from the toxic effects of xenobiotics, whereas in tumor cells, they reduce the intracellular concentrations of anticancer drugs, which ultimately leads to the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR). A deeper understanding of the structures and the biology of these proteins is central to current efforts to circumvent resistance to both chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and antibiotics. 
  • 125
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Wound Repair of the Cell Membrane
The cell membrane is frequently subjected to damage, either through physical or chemical means. The swift restoration of the cell membrane’s integrity is crucial to prevent the leakage of intracellular materials and the uncontrolled influx of extracellular ions. Consequently, wound repair plays a vital role in cell survival, akin to the importance of DNA repair.
  • 125
  • 22 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Regulation of NcRNAs on Ferroptosis
Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic mode of cell death driven by membrane lipid peroxidation and is characterized by elevated intracellular levels of Fe2+, ROS, and lipid peroxidation. Studies have shown that ferroptosis is related to the development of multiple diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and acute myeloid leukemia. Ferroptosis plays a dual role in the occurrence and development of these diseases. Ferroptosis mainly involves iron metabolism, ROS, and lipid metabolism. Various mechanisms, including epigenetic regulation, have been reported to be deeply involved in ferroptosis. Abnormal epigenetic modifications have been reported to promote tumor onset or other diseases and resistance to chemotherapy drugs. 
  • 124
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Cardiovascular Diseases
Fibrosis is a common feature of cardiovascular diseases and targets multiple organs, such as the heart and vessels. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition is a complex, vital process that occurs during embryonic formation and plays a crucial role in cardiac development. It is also a fundamental process implicated in cardiac fibrosis and repair, but also in other organs. Indeed, in numerous cardiovascular diseases, the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition has been shown to be involved in the generation of fibroblasts that are able to produce extracellular matrix proteins such as type I collagen. This massive deposition results in tissue stiffening and organ dysfunction.
  • 112
  • 17 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Megakaryocytes in Brief
Megakaryocytes are large bone marrow cells responsible for producing platelets crucial for blood clotting. They undergo endomitosis, becoming polyploid to generate thousands of platelets. Beyond thrombopoiesis, they regulate hematopoietic niches and immune responses. Dysregulation can lead to disorders like thrombocytopenia, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and acute megakaryoblastic leukemia.
  • 75
  • 26 Aug 2024
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