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Topic Review
Drosophila Rab39 Attenuates Lysosomal Degradation
Lysosomal degradation, the common destination of autophagy and endocytosis, is one of the most important elements of eukaryotic metabolism. The small GTPases Rab39A and B are potential new effectors of this pathway, as their malfunction is implicated in severe human diseases like cancer and neurodegeneration.
  • 412
  • 18 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Drosophila Melanogaster Research
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that is currently incurable. As a consequence of an incomplete understanding of the etiology of the disease, therapeutic strategies mainly focus on symptomatic treatment. Even though the majority of PD cases remain idiopathic (~90%), several genes have been identified to be causative for PD, facilitating the generation of animal models that are a good alternative to study disease pathways and to increase our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of PD. Drosophila melanogaster has proven to be an excellent model in these studies.
  • 501
  • 23 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Doxorubicin-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Cardiotoxicity has emerged as a major side effect of doxorubicin (DOX) treatment, affecting nearly 30% of patients within 5 years after chemotherapy. Heart failure is the first non-cancer cause of death in DOX-treated patients. 
  • 544
  • 08 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Doublecortin
Doublecortin (DCX) is a microtubule associated protein, essential for correct central nervous system development and lamination in the mammalian cortex. It has been demonstrated to be expressed in developing but not in mature neurons. The teleost visual system is an ideal model to study mechanisms of adult neurogenesis due to its continuous life-long growth. Immunohistochemical, in silico, and western blot analysis to detect the DCX protein in the visual system of teleost fish are described here.
  • 503
  • 23 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Dorsal Root Injury
Dorsal root injury results in regional loss of sensorimotor function, and often severe neuropathic pain. Studying pathophysiological mechanisms of dorsal root injury and the development of novel treatments for this condition may contribute to therapeutic progress also for direct injuries to the spinal cord.
  • 5.2K
  • 13 Oct 2021
Topic Review
DNA Vaccine
A DNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that transfects a specific antigen-coding DNA sequence into the cells of an organism as a mechanism to induce an immune response. DNA vaccines work by injecting genetically engineered plasmid containing the DNA sequence encoding the antigen(s) against which an immune response is sought, so the cells directly produce the antigen, thus causing a protective immunological response. DNA vaccines have theoretical advantages over conventional vaccines, including the "ability to induce a wider range of types of immune response". Several DNA vaccines have been tested for veterinary use. In some cases, protection from disease in animals has been obtained, in others not. Research is ongoing over the approach for viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases in humans, as well as for cancers. In August 2021, Indian authorities gave emergency approval to ZyCoV-D. Developed by Cadila Healthcare, it is the first DNA vaccine approved for humans.
  • 491
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
DNA Vaccination
DNA vaccination is a technique for protecting against disease by injection with genetically engineered plasmid containing the DNA sequence encoding the antigen(s) against which an immune response is sought, so cells directly produce the antigen, causing a protective immunological response. DNA vaccines have potential advantages over conventional vaccines, including the ability to induce a wider range of immune response types. Several DNA vaccines are available for veterinary use. Currently no DNA vaccines have been approved for human use. Research is investigating the approach for viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases in humans, as well as for several cancers.
  • 608
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
DNA Methylation in Low-Grade Gliomas
Gliomas, the most common type of malignant primary brain tumor, were conventionally classified through WHO Grades I–IV (now 1–4), with low-grade gliomas being entities belonging to Grades 1 or 2. While the focus of the WHO Classification for Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors had historically been on histopathological attributes, the recently released fifth edition of the classification (WHO CNS5) characterizes brain tumors, including gliomas, using an integration of histological and molecular features, including their epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation which are increasingly being used for the classification of low-grade gliomas. 
  • 462
  • 01 Mar 2023
Topic Review
DNA Homeostasis and Senescence
As we age, our bodies accrue damage in the form of DNA mutations. These mutations lead to the generation of sub-optimal proteins, resulting in inadequate cellular homeostasis and senescence. The build-up of senescent cells negatively affects the local cellular micro-environment and drives ageing associated disease, including neurodegeneration. Therefore, limiting the accumulation of DNA damage is essential for healthy neuronal populations.  
  • 685
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
DNA Damage Response and Repair
DNA damage response and repair (DDR) genes are necessary to maintain the integrity of cell DNA. Alterations of these mechanisms have been found in many cancer types, and may influence treatment outcomes as well as the prognosis of cancer patients. Recently, several treatment strategies taking advance of the presence of DDR alterations are emerging in oncology.
  • 602
  • 10 Aug 2021
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