Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Cellular Protein Trafficking in Low-Temperature Response Pathway
Over the years, although substantial progress has been made in understanding low-temperature response mechanisms in plants, the research is more focused on aerial parts of the plants rather than on the root or whole plant, and more efforts have been made in identifying and testing the major regulators of this pathway preferably in the model organism rather than in crop plants. For the low-temperature stress response mechanism, ICE-CBF regulatory pathway turned out to be the solely established pathway, and historically most of the low-temperature research is focused on this single pathway instead of exploring other alternative regulators.
  • 445
  • 24 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Host Cell Signatures within Beta-Herpes Virions
Beta-herpesviruses infect a large proportion of the human population and are associated with a variety of pathophysiological conditions. They are DNA viruses with a large genome that encodes a relatively large number of gene products for the construction of new viral progeny and the establishment of a complex series of interactions with infected cells.
  • 445
  • 22 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Structure and Function of Peroxiredoxin IV
Peroxiredoxin IV (Prx4) is a 2-Cysteine peroxidase with ubiquitous expression in human tissues. Prx4 scavenges hydrogen peroxide and participates in oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, Prx4 is secreted outside the cell. Prx4 is upregulated in several cancers and is a potential therapeutic target. Here, the resarchers have summarized the structure and function of Prx4. Oxidative stress is known to activate pro-inflammatory pathways. Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for cancer development. Hence, redox enzymes such as Prx4 are important players in the crosstalk between inflammation and cancer. Understanding molecular mechanisms of regulation of Prx4 expression and associated signaling pathways in normal physiological and disease conditions should reveal new therapeutic strategies. Although Prx4 is a promising therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases and cancer, further research needs to be conducted to bridge the gap to clinical application. 
  • 445
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Drosophila Melanogaster Research
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that is currently incurable. As a consequence of an incomplete understanding of the etiology of the disease, therapeutic strategies mainly focus on symptomatic treatment. Even though the majority of PD cases remain idiopathic (~90%), several genes have been identified to be causative for PD, facilitating the generation of animal models that are a good alternative to study disease pathways and to increase our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of PD. Drosophila melanogaster has proven to be an excellent model in these studies.
  • 444
  • 23 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Immune Cell Type-Specific Metabolic Reprogramming
Immunometabolism is an emerging discipline in cancer immunotherapy. Tumor tissues are heterogeneous and influenced by metabolic reprogramming of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). In the TIME, multiple cell types interact, and the tumor and immune cells compete for limited nutrients, resulting in altered anticancer immunity. Therefore, metabolic reprogramming of individual cell types may influence the outcomes of immunotherapy. Understanding the metabolic competition for access to limited nutrients between tumor cells and immune cells could reveal the breadth and complexity of the TIME and aid in developing novel therapeutic approaches for cancer.
  • 444
  • 18 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Extracellular Vesicles in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are defined as lipid bilayer particles naturally released from cells into the extracellular space. EVs have attracted interest as mediators of intercellular communication following the discovery that EVs contain RNA molecules, including non-coding RNA (ncRNA).Growing evidence for the enrichment of peculiar RNA species in specific EV subtypes has been demonstrated. ncRNAs, transferred from donor cells to recipient cells, confer to EVs the feature to regulate the expression of genes involved in differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and other biological processes. These multiple actions require accuracy in the isolation of RNA content from EVs and the methodologies used play a relevant role. In the liver, EVs play a crucial role in regulating cell-cell communications and several pathophysiological events in the heterogeneous liver class of cells via horizontal transfer of their cargo.
  • 443
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Flat/Intended/Aspine Post-Synapses
Brain synapses are neuronal structures of the greatest interest. In the brain, the distribution of flat/intended and that of spinal post-synapses are not random. Coverage by flat/intended predominates in dendritic fibers of inhibitory neurons.
  • 443
  • 01 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Recent Advances in Glioma Cancer Treatment
Gliomas are the brain’s most frequent and deadly tumors, accounting for roughly 30% of all brain malignancies. Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by changes in cell metabolism, including an increased Warburg effect, dysfunctional oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), disrupted lipids metabolism, and other metabolic changes. Targeting epigenetic variables, immunotherapy, gene therapy, and different vaccine- and peptide-based treatments are some innovative approaches to improve anti-glioma treatment efficacy. Following the identification of lymphatics in the central nervous system, immunotherapy offers a potential method with the potency to permeate the blood-brain barrier.
  • 443
  • 06 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Intratumoral Heterogeneity and Concept of Cancer Stem Cells
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) present in many tumors are an example of intratumoral heterogeneity of great importance. The original concept of CSCs emerged on the basis of the stem cell theory in its original form and on the reports about the exclusive ability of tumor cells expressing stem cell markers to induce tumor growth.The modern concept of CSCs has been updated by introducing the concept of the cells-of-origin of tumors and according to data obtained by genetic analysis combined with CSC-associated marker profiling and lineage tracing analysis.
  • 443
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Phosphatidylinositol Binding Clathrin-Assembly Protein and Alzheimer’s Disease
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified the PICALM (Phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin-assembly protein) gene as the most significant genetic susceptibility locus after APOE and BIN1. PICALM is a clathrin-adaptor protein that plays a critical role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and autophagy.
  • 443
  • 22 Dec 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 161
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Video Production Service
Feedback