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Topic Review
Chemically Modified Extracellular Vesicles
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been exploited as bio-inspired drug delivery systems (DDS) in the biomedical field. EVs have more advantages than synthetic nanoparticles: they are naturally equipped to cross extra- and intra-cellular barriers. Furthermore, they can deliver functional biomolecules from one cell to another even far away in the body. These advantages, along with obtained promising in vivo results, clearly evidenced the potential of EVs in drug delivery.
  • 387
  • 14 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Chemiluminescence Detection/Quantification of Haloaromatic Compounds
Polyhaloaromatic compounds (XAr) have been found world-wide in pesticides, pharmaceuticals, flame retardants and personal care products. Most of these compounds are persistent and widely existing in the environment because of their recalcitrant properties in the soil and water.  They are potentially carcinogenic to organisms and may induce serious risks to the ecosystem. Therefore, it is important to detect and quantify these ubiquitous XAr in the environment, and to monitor their degradation kinetics during the treatment of these recalcitrant pollutants. Chemiluminescence (CL) is a kind of light emission from complicated chemical reactions, during which high-energy excited-states can be generated and energy is released. CL analysis can be used to detect and quantify the specific compounds that determine the generation of CL emission. It has been recently discovered that unprecedent CL emission could be produced during the degradation of XAr mediated by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), and a novel, rapid and sensitive CL-based analytical method was developed to not only detect XAr, but also monitor their degradation kinetics. For this distinct CL-based analytical method on the detection and measurement of XAr, it exhibits the excellent properties of relatively simple, rapid, sensitive, without complicated pretreatment.
  • 465
  • 15 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Cheminformatic of Natural Antimicrobial Products
The growing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of pathogenic organisms to currently prescribed drugs has resulted in the failure to treat various infections caused by these superbugs. Therefore, to keep pace with the increasing drug resistance, there is a pressing need for novel antimicrobial agents, especially from non-conventional sources. Several natural products (NPs) have been shown to display promising in vitro activities against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Still, only a few of these compounds have been studied as prospective drug candidates. Drug developers are employing different modern strategies to overcome the challenges. These current drug discovery and design strategies can computationally identify potential liabilities and optimize hit compounds to impact desired drug-like properties prior to expensive synthesis and pre-clinical experiments. In addition, it can computationally process a large set of compounds from virtual combinatorial libraries and high-throughput screening to guide rational decision-making in drug discovery and development. This technique of processing large chemical bioactivity data is called cheminformatics.
  • 379
  • 12 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Chemistry and Occurrence of Tropane Alkaloids in Foods
Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are natural toxins produced by different plants, mainly from the Solanaceae family. 
  • 1.3K
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Chemistry and pharmacological study of Aspidosperma pyrifolium (Apocynaceae)
Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart., popularly known as “pereiro-preto”, is a small tree that is widely distributed in Northeastern Brazil, more precisely in the Caatinga. Its wood is used in the manufacture of furniture, due to its excellent quality; in traditional medicine, the extract of its leaves and bark is used for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The study made it possible to isolate 15-methoxyaspidospermine and 15-methoxypyrifolidine, corroborating the results of pharmacological assays, which showed anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential, especially at 30 mg kg−1 (p < 0.001). Thus, the species was shown to be a promising source of active substances, with special attention paid to its toxicological potential.
  • 375
  • 09 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Chemistry of Chalcone and Its Derivatives
Chalcone is a collective group of ketones (flavonoids) that has a three-carbon α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group attached to two aromatic rings. Other chemical names of chalcone include benzyl acetophenone or benzylideneacetophenone. They are produced by certain plant species such as Angelica, Glycyrrhiza, Humulus, and Scutellaria as precursors to the biosynthesis of flavonoids and isoflavonoids and intermediates to the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds with biologically interesting properties such as pyrazolines, isoxazoles, cyanopyridines and pyrimidines.
  • 2.1K
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Chemistry of Essential Oils
The term essential oil was created in the 16th century and refers to the theory of “Quinta essentia” proposed by the famous German-Swiss alchemist and physician Paracelsus (1493–1541), born by Theophrastus Philippus Aureolus Bombastus von Hohenheim.
  • 499
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Chemistry of Hypecoum Alkaloids
Genus Hypecoum Tourn. ex L. belongs to the poppy family Papaveraceae and comprises about 19 species occurring in Europe, Northern Africa and Asia. Hypecoum species have been widely used in traditional medicine as antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory remedies. The effects are associated with the biologically and pharmacologically active isoquinoline alkaloids in them such as protopines, protoberberines, benzophenanthridines, aporphines, simple isoquinolines, secoberbines, spirobenzylisoquinolines and others. 
  • 179
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Chemogenetics and Optogenetics under General Anesthesia
General anesthesia has been widely utilized since the 1840s, but its underlying neural circuits remain to be completely understood. Chemogenetics and Optogenetics, the two techniques artificially modulate the activity of specific neurons and neural circuits.
  • 515
  • 02 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Chemometric Tools for Beer Quality and Stability
Achieving beer quality and stability remains the main challenge for the brewing industry. Despite all the technologies available, to obtain a high-quality product, it is important to know and control every step of the beer production process. Since the process has an impact on the quality and stability of the final product, it is important to create mechanisms that help manage and monitor the beer production and aging processes. Multivariate statistical techniques (chemometrics) can be a very useful tool for this purpose, as they facilitate the extraction and interpretation of information from brewing datasets by managing the connections between different types of data with multiple variables. In addition, chemometrics could help to better understand the process and the quality of the product during its shelf life.
  • 304
  • 14 Jul 2022
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