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Topic Review
Photocatalytic Transformation of Biomass and Biomass Derived Compounds
Biomass and biomass-derived compounds have become an important alternative feedstock for chemical industry. They may replace fossil feedstocks such as mineral oil and related platform chemicals. These compounds may also be transformed conveniently into new innovative bioactive products, for example, for the medicinal or the agrochemical domain.
  • 341
  • 27 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Surface-Functionalized Selenium Nanoparticles in Brain Diseases Therapy
Selenium (Se) and its organic and inorganic compounds in dietary supplements have been found to possess excellent pharmacodynamics and biological responses.
  • 259
  • 27 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Green Substrates for Flexible Electronics for IoT
The Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining more and more popularity and it is establishing itself in all areas, from industry to everyday life. Given its pervasiveness and considering the problems that afflict today’s world, that must be carefully monitored and addressed to guarantee a future for the new generations, the sustainability of technological solutions must be a focal point in the activities of researchers in the field. Many of these solutions are based on flexible, printed or wearable electronics. The choice of materials therefore becomes fundamental, just as it is crucial to provide the necessary power supply in a green way.
  • 662
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Cycloadditions and Cyclization Reactions via Post-Synthetic Modification and/or One-Pot Methodologies for the Stabilization of Imine-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks
Interest in covalent organic frameworks as high-value materials has grown steadily since their development in the 2000s. However, the great advantage that allows us to obtain these crystalline materials—the reversibility of the bonds that form the network—supposes a drawback in terms of thermal and chemical stability. Among the different strategies employed for the stabilization of imine-based Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs), cycloaddition and other related cyclization reactions are especially significant to obtain highly stable networks with extended π-delocalization and new functionalities, expanding even further the potential application of these materials. Therefore, this entry gathered the most recent research strategies for obtaining stable COFs by means of cyclization reactions, including the Povarov reaction and intramolecular oxidative cyclization reactions as well as some other recent innovative approaches.
  • 876
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Microextraction Approaches Used to Assess Food Safety
The use of microextraction techniques to survey the presence of contaminants in the food chain is very advantageous, involving simpler and faster protocols, reduced amounts of solvents and samples, and consequently, reduced waste produced during analysis while conserving a high potential for automation. Additionally, this higher greener profile of the microextraction techniques will boost a progressive substitution of conventional extraction approaches by microextraction processes in most analytical applications, including the survey of food chain safety.
  • 355
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Cracks Types and Causes of Laser Cladding Coatings
Laser cladding, a novel surface treatment technology, utilizes a high-energy laser beam to melt diverse alloy compositions and form a specialized alloy-cladding layer on the surface of the substrate to enhance its property. However, it can generate substantial residual stresses during the rapid cooling and heating stages, due to inadequate selection of cladding process parameters and disparities in thermophysical properties between the clad layer and substrate material, leading to the formation of various types of cracks. These cracks can significantly impact the quality and performance of the coating.
  • 844
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Sequential Reactions of α-Aminoalkynes with Carbonyls
Sequential reactions of aminoalkynes represent a powerful tool to easily assembly biologically important polyfunctionalized nitrogen heterocyclic scaffolds. Metal catalysis often plays a key role in terms of selectivity, efficiency, atom economy, and green chemistry of these sequential approaches.
  • 364
  • 26 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Fabrication of Composite Materials by Using Additive Manufacturing
Composite materials have significantly influenced various industries due to their exceptional reliability and effectiveness. As technology advances, new types of composite reinforcements, such as novel chemical-based and bio-based, and new fabrication techniques are utilized to develop high-performance composite materials. AM, a widely popular concept poised to shape the development of Industry 4.0, is also being utilized in the production of composite materials. Comparing AM-based manufacturing processes to traditional methods reveals significant variations in the performance of the resulting composites. 
  • 531
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Mechanisms of Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting
Photocatalytic overall water splitting in solar–chemical energy conversion can effectively mitigate environmental pollution and resource depletion. Stable ternary metal indium zinc sulfide (ZnIn2S4) is considered one of the ideal materials for photocatalytic overall water splitting due to its unique electronic and optical properties, as well as suitable conduction and valence band positions for suitable photocatalytic overall water splitting, and it has attracted widespread researcher interest. 
  • 429
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Effect of Precipitates on Hot Ductility of Steels
Hot ductility of high-strength microalloyed steel is of great importance since it affects cracking during metal production. This characteristic is controlled by the presence of phase precipitates of microalloying elements depending on the chemical composition and parameters of temperature-deformation treatment of steel.
  • 535
  • 25 Jun 2023
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