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Topic Review
Preparation of Carbon Nitride-Based S-scheme Photocatalyst
Energy shortages are a major challenge to the sustainable development of human society, and photocatalytic solar energy conversion is a potential way to alleviate energy problems. As a two-dimensional organic polymer semiconductor, carbon nitride is considered to be the most promising photocatalyst due to its stable properties, low cost, and suitable band structure. The development of carbon nitride-based S-scheme photocatalysts has been flourished, which has raised the wave of interests and reached a crescendo in the field of energy catalysis. Therefore, a timely overview on the recent progress of carbon nitride-based S-scheme heterojunctions is highly desirable, not only to unveil the basic working mechanism, but also to inspire future research directions in carbon nitride-based heterojunctions.
  • 292
  • 29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Application of Hydrogels for Bone Regeneration
Hydrogels are versatile biomaterials characterized by three-dimensional, cross-linked, highly hydrated polymeric networks. These polymers exhibit a great variety of biochemical and biophysical properties, which allow for the diffusion of diverse molecules, such as drugs, active ingredients, growth factors, and nanoparticles. Meanwhile, these polymers can control chemical and molecular interactions at the cellular level. The polymeric network can be molded into different structures, imitating the structural characteristics of surrounding tissues and bone defects. Interestingly, the application of hydrogels in bone tissue engineering (BTE) has been gathering significant attention due to the beneficial bone improvement results that have been achieved.
  • 999
  • 29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Intramolecular Cyclization
3,n-fused (n = 4–7) tricyclic indoles are pervasive motifs, embedded in a variety of biologically active molecules and natural products. Thus, numerous catalytic methods have been developed for the synthesis of these skeletons.
  • 585
  • 29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Sunitinib Delivery Using Nanotechnology
Sunitinib (Sutent®, Pfizer), an indolinone, multi-target, anti-angiogenic first generation TKI, is commercially available as an oral immediate-release hard capsule (dosage: 12.5, 25, 37.5 and 50 mg) formulated with Mannitol (E421) (diluent), Croscarmellose sodium (binder and disintegrant), Povidone (K-25) (solubilizing agent and disintegrant), Magnesium stearate (lubricant) and Gelatin as inactive ingredients. Other oral pharmaceutical forms, such as suspension, have also been investigated for pediatric therapy.
  • 376
  • 29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Principles of Bipolar Electrochemistry
Analytical techniques based on electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and bipolar electrochemistry (BPE) [ECL-BPE] have emerged as indispensable tools in various fields, and of particular interest, in biosensing. BPE has been a robust and reliable technique for some time now, and it has been used since the early 1970s for designing electrochemical reactors and batteries.
  • 325
  • 29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Electron Transfer and Proton Loss of Conventional Carotenoids
Carotenoids are a large and diverse group of compounds that have been shown to have a wide range of potential health benefits. While some carotenoids have been extensively studied, numerous others have not received as much attention. In numerous studies, using EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) techniques in correlation with DFT (density functional theory) calculations, researchers have characterized about 20 conventional carotenoids - their electron transfer from the carotenoid molecule to form the radical cation, and further proton loss from the radical cation to form neutral radicals (radicals with no charge). Several conventional carotenoids are briefly discussed here.
  • 682
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Electrocatalytic Reactions for Converting CO2 to Value-Added Products
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are an important environmental issue that causes greenhouse and climate change effects on the earth. Nowadays, CO2 has various conversion methods to be a potential carbon resource, such as photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and photo-electrocatalytic. CO2 conversion into value-added products has many advantages, including facile control of the reaction rate by adjusting the applied voltage and minimal environmental pollution. The development of efficient electrocatalysts and improving their viability with appropriate reactor designs is essential for the commercialization of this environmentally friendly method.
  • 273
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Deep Eutectic Solvents for C–H Activation
Green chemistry principles have underpinned the development of deep eutectic solvents (DESs). 
  • 479
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Nanoparticle-Mediated Nucleic Acid Delivery Systems for Immunotherapy
Successful clinical results of immunotherapeutic approaches for cancer treatment were led by antibodies targeting immune checkpoints, and many have advanced through clinical trials and obtained FDA approval. A major opportunity remains for the development of nucleic acid technology for cancer immunotherapy in the form of cancer vaccines, adoptive T-cell therapies, and gene regulation. However, these therapeutic approaches face many challenges related to their delivery to target cells, including their in vivo decay, the limited uptake by target cells, the requirements for nuclear penetration (in some cases), and the damage caused to healthy cells. These barriers can be avoided and resolved by utilizing advanced smart nanocarriers (e.g., lipids, polymers, spherical nucleic acids, metallic nanoparticles) that enable the efficient and selective delivery of nucleic acids to the target cells and/or tissues.
  • 294
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Surface Modification of Magnesium-Based Materials
Mg-based materials, from a comprehensive consideration of energy storage performance, raw material reserves, and prices, have demonstrated potential industrial applications as large-scale hydrogen storage materials. Nevertheless, Mg-based materials also have obvious disadvantages: as a hydrogen storage material, the hydrogen absorption/desorption rate is insufficient, as well as the high hydrogen absorption/desorption temperatures; as the electrode material of Ni-MH batteries, the reactions of Mg with alkaline electrolyte and corrosion are the main problems for applications.
  • 287
  • 28 Jun 2023
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