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Topic Review
Pellet Production from Pruning and Alternative Forest Biomass
Typically, coniferous sawdust from debarked stems is used to make pellets. Given the high lignin content, which ensures strong binding and high calorific values, this feedstock provides the best quality available. However, finding alternative feedstocks for pellet production is crucial if small-scale pellet production is to be developed and used to support the economy and energy independence of rural communities. These communities have to be able to create pellets devoid of additives and without biomass pre-processing so that the feedstock price remains low. The features of pellets made from other sources of forest biomass, such as different types of waste, broadleaf species, and pruning biomass, have attracted some attention in this context.
  • 303
  • 12 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Structure, Spectral Properties and Chemistry of Spiropyrans
Spiropyrans (SP) are a well-studied class of photochromic compounds. These compounds are usually named in conformity with the IUPAC rules for nomenclature of heterocyclic spirocompounds, as derivatives of 1′,3′,3′-trimethyl-6-nitrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2′-indoline] or 1′,3′-dihydro-1′,3′,3′-trimethyl-6-nitrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2′-indole].
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Classification of Bio-Magnetic Nanoparticles
Bio-magnetic nanoparticles (BMNPs) was introduced, describing a unique combination of physio-chemical properties of magnetic nanoparticles with their entirely biocompatible nature, which makes them particularly effective in various biomedical applications.
  • 300
  • 11 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography
Two-dimensional liquid chromatography has deservedly won a dominant position in the family of (liquid chromatography) LC techniques. Even though liquid chromatography has great flexibility, regarding the different forms in which it has prevailed and the variety of samples it can analyze, it is unable to provide high resolving power in a short period of time. It is not able to deal with two types of mixtures: those consisting of thousands of analytes such as biological samples and those consisting of closely related compounds which cannot be separated by their physicochemical properties, such as enantiomers.
  • 431
  • 11 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Factors Affecting Wear Performance of Medium Manganese Steels
Medium manganese steels (MMSs) have garnered increased attention and interest due to their relatively low cost and superior combination properties compared to other steels. In particular, MMSs have been recognised as ideal wear-resistant materials employed in the mining industry. The key factors that affect the wear performance of MMSs include the elemental composition in MMSs and the phase transformation occurred during TRIP and TWIP as well as various heat treatment processes.
  • 321
  • 11 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Characteristics of Phenol Content in POME
The global population has increased significantly, resulting in elevated levels of pollution in waterways. Organic pollutants are a major source of water pollution in various parts of the world, with phenolic compounds being the most common hazardous pollutant. These compounds are released from industrial effluents, such as palm oil milling effluent (POME), and cause several environmental issues. Adsorption is known to be an efficient method for mitigating water contaminants, with the ability to eliminate phenolic contaminants even at low concentrations. Carbon-based materials have been reported to be effective composite adsorbents for phenol removal due to their excellent surface features and impressive sorption capability. 
  • 308
  • 11 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Clinoptilolite
Zeolites are crystalline, hydrated aluminosilicates with an open-framework structure. Unique structural features make them very useful ion-changers, adsorbents and catalysts. The catalytic use of zeolites has expanded from traditional use in the petrochemical industry and refineries to use in the catalytic degradation of various environmental pollutants and the synthesis of fine chemicals. Progress on the use of zeolites has been achieved in biomass conversion to fuels and valuable industrial bio-based chemicals. 
  • 607
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Biomedical Applications of Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4)-Based Bioceramics
A strong interest was raised in studying ceramics as potential bone grafts due to their biomechanical properties. Current biomedical applications of CaPO4-based bioceramics include artificial bone grafts, bone augmentations, maxillofacial reconstruction, spinal fusion, and periodontal disease repairs, as well as bone fillers after tumor surgery.
  • 493
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Biomimetic Cell-Derived Nanoparticles
Biomimetic cell-derived nanoparticles are attracting considerable interest due to their better biocompatibility and lower immunogenicity. Moreover, biomimetic cell-derived nanoparticles can achieve different preferred biological effects due to their inherent abundant source cell-relevant functions.
  • 296
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Natural Biopolymers Extracted from Biomass
Indeed, bio-based edible films and coatings have been indicated to be suitable for packaging fruits, vegetables, dairy, and meat-based products at a commercial level. Even though the bio-based polymers are promising.
  • 230
  • 10 Jul 2023
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