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Topic Review
Solubility, Dissolution and Permeation Enhancement of Natural Compounds
Natural products are the major sources for drug development because of diversity in their structures. They are isolated molecules obtained from plants, minerals or animal resources and used for a variety of therapeutic purposes of human and animal diseases. Though the utilization of natural drugs is from ancient times, the drugs from natural sources still usually face drawbacks of numerous scientific evidences. Despite this, natural products present the major source of biologically active molecules and play a main role in novel drug discovery. Contrary to this, most natural products do not have characteristics of drugs and their pharmacological use is limited. Some of these characteristics lacking in natural products include low aqueous solubility, decreased dissolution rate, poor permeation and low absorption via biological membranes. The possible techniques for the dissolution/solubility and permeability improvements have been addressed which could enhance the dissolution and permeability up to several times.
  • 438
  • 17 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Solubility of Organic Compounds in Subcritical Water
Data on the solubility and decomposition of organic compounds in subcritical water, a green solvent, are needed in environmental remediation, chemistry, chemical engineering, medicine, polymer, food, agriculture, and many other fields. The solubility of organics is significantly enhanced with increasing water temperature. Likewise, the percentage of organic decomposition also increases with higher temperature.
  • 501
  • 09 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Solketal
Solketal (CAS 100–79–8) has low viscosity at room temperature (~11 cP) and freezing, boiling, and flash points of about −26 °C, 190 °C, and 80 °C, respectively. The density is 1.06 g/cm3 and the vapor pressure is 107.32 mmHg. It has low toxicity, slight odor, and it is non-irritant for humans; due to these characteristics and to the renewable origin, it is considered an environmentally friendly substance. It is completely miscible in water and in most organic compounds, which endows its solvent capacity.
  • 2.9K
  • 07 May 2021
Topic Review
Solid-State Zinc Secondary Batteries with Alkaline Electrolytes
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have gained significant recognition as highly promising rechargeable batteries for the future due to their exceptional safety, low operating costs, and environmental advantages. Alkaline electrolytes have a long history of application in zinc-ion batteries. Alkaline electrolytes offer several advantages compared to neutral and acidic electrolytes. The benefits of alkaline electrolytes encompass a high operating voltage, rapid reaction kinetics, and enhanced ionic conductivity. KOH is the preferred alkaline electrolyte in rechargeable zinc batteries due to its notable characteristics such as the high solubility of zinc salt in KOH solution and the superior ionic conductivity of K+ (73.5 S cm−2) compared to Na+ (50.1 S cm−2) and Li+ (38.7 S cm−2). 
  • 284
  • 17 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Solid-State Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries
In all-solid-state rechargeable lithium batteries, the solid-state electrolyte is located between the cathode and the anode, acting as an electrolyte and a separator, so the performance of the solid-state electrolyte is crucial to the performance of the entire battery.
  • 830
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Solid-State Modification for Thermoplastic Polymers
Solid-state modification of post-synthetic thermoplastic polymers is a rapidly evolving technique with numerous advantages and potential applications. This approach is particularly attractive because it allows adding new functionalities to existing polymer matrices, thereby extending their utility or assigning new purposes.
  • 194
  • 19 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) represent a promising next-generation energy storage system, with advantages such as high specific capacity (1675 mAh g−1), abundant resources, low price, and ecological friendliness. During the application of liquid electrolytes, the flammability of organic electrolytes, and the dissolution/shuttle of polysulfide seriously damage the safety and the cycle life of lithium–sulfur batteries. Replacing a liquid electrolyte with a solid one is a good solution, while the higher mechanical strength of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) has an inhibitory effect on the growth of lithium dendrites. However, the lower ionic conductivity, poor interfacial contact, and relatively narrow electrochemical window of solid-state electrolytes limit the commercialization of solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries (SSLSBs). 
  • 491
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Solid-State Batteries
Batteries are essential in modern society as they can power a wide range of devices, from small household appliances to large-scale energy storage systems. Safety concerns with traditional lithium-ion batteries prompted the emergence of new battery technologies, among them solid-state batteries (SSBs), offering enhanced safety, energy density, and lifespan. Solid-state electrolytes used in SSBs include inorganic solid electrolytes, organic solid polymer electrolytes, and solid composite electrolytes. Inorganic options like lithium aluminum titanium phosphate excel in ionic conductivity and thermal stability but exhibit mechanical fragility. Organic alternatives such as polyethylene oxide and polyvinylidene fluoride offer flexibility but possess lower ionic conductivity. Solid composite electrolytes combine the advantages of inorganic and organic materials, enhancing mechanical strength and ionic conductivity. While significant advances have been made for composite electrolytes, challenges remain for synthesis intricacies and material stability. Nuanced selection of these electrolytes is crucial for advancing resilient and high-performance SSBs.
  • 189
  • 15 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Solid-Phase Extraction/Pre-Concentration Strategies for Drug Analysis
Despite the fact that strong routine separation methodologies can give reliable specificity and validity at usual working pharmaceutical concentrations, they may fail at very low concentration levels. This poses considerable challenges for researchers investigating product purity and therapeutic drug monitoring. Sensitivity enhancement procedures are thus required to maximize the performance of separation techniques. Solid-phase extraction/solid-phase enrichment (SPE/SPEn) and pre-, post-, and in-column derivatization, as well as the use of sensitive detection devices, are the simplest strategies for improving sensitivity of separation-based analytical techniques. Large-volume injection of samples with online SPE/SPEn coupled with separation techniques increased sensitivity and improved detection as well as quantification limits without affecting peak shape and system performance. 
  • 310
  • 04 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Investigating Cellulose-Based Materials
Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) is a powerful and attractive characterization method for obtaining insights into the chemical structure and dynamics of a wide range of materials. Current interest in cellulose-based materials, as sustainable and renewable natural polymer products, requires deep investigation and analysis of the chemical structure, molecular packing, end chain motion, functional modification, and solvent–matrix interactions, which strongly dictate the final product properties and tailor their end applications. In comparison to other spectroscopic techniques, on an atomic level, ssNMR is considered more advanced, especially in the structural analysis of cellulose-based materials
  • 456
  • 15 Apr 2022
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