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Topic Review
Polyphosphorhydrazone-Based Radical Dendrimers
The search for new biomedical applications of dendrimers has promoted the synthesis of new radical-based molecules. In particular, obtaining radical dendrimers (dendrimers functionalized with organic radicals) has opened the door to their use in various fields such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as antitumor or antioxidant agents, or the possibility of developing new types of devices based on the paramagnetic properties of organic radicals.
  • 451
  • 22 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Nanomaterials for Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Industrial wastewater originating from various industries contributes as a major source of water pollution. This pollutant poses a severe threat to the environment. Recent years saw nanomaterials as a potential candidate for pollutants removal. Nowadays, a range of cost-effective nanomaterials is available with unique properties.
  • 1.3K
  • 22 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Electron beam modification (EBM)
Vacuum cathodic arc TiN coatings with overlaying TiO2 film were deposited on polished and surface roughened by electron beam modification (EBM) Ti6Al4V alloy. The substrate microtopography consisted of long grooves formed by the liner scan of the electron beam with appropriate frequencies (500 (AR500) and 850 (AR850) Hz). EBM transformed the α + β Ti6Al4V mixed structure into a single α’-martensite phase. Тhe gradient TiN/TiO2 films deposited on mechanically polished (AR) and EBM (AR500 and AR850) alloys share the same surface chemistry and composition (almost stoichiometric TiN, anatase and rutile in different ratios) but exhibit different topographies (Sa equal to approximately 0.62, 1.73, and 1.08 μm, respectively) over areas of 50 × 50 μm. Although the nanohardness of the coatings on AR500 and AR850 alloy (approximately 10.45 and 9.02 GPa, respectively) was lower than that measured on the film deposited on AR alloy (about 13.05 GPa), the hybrid surface treatment offered improvement in critical adhesive loads, coefficient of friction, and wear-resistance of the surface. In phosphate buffer saline, all coated samples showed low corrosion potentials and passivation current densities, confirming their good corrosion protection. The coated EBM samples cultured with human osteoblast-like MG63 cells demonstrated increased cell attachment, viability, and bone mineralization activity especially for the AR500-coated alloy, compared to uncoated polished alloy. The results underline the synergetic effect between the sub-micron structure and composition of TiN/TiO2 coating and microarchitecture obtained by EBM. 
  • 662
  • 22 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Advances in Electrochemical Glucose Sensing
The detection of glucose is crucial in the management of diabetes and other medical conditions but also crucial in a wide range of industries such as food and beverages. The development of glucose sensors in the past century has allowed diabetic patients to effectively manage their disease and has saved lives. First-generation glucose sensors have considerable limitations in sensitivity and selectivity which has spurred the development of more advanced approaches for both the medical and industrial sectors.
  • 2.4K
  • 21 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Nanocarbon-Iridium Oxide Nanostructured Hybrids
Nanostructuring nanocarbons with IrOx yields to material coatings with large charge capacities for neural electrostimulation, and large reproducibility in time, that carbons do not exhibit.
  • 544
  • 21 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Electrospun Fibrous Catalysts
TiO2NFs have important applications in different fields, including catalysis. They are used as a catalyst and a photocatalyst. Most of the TiO2NF-supported catalysts were utilized as photocatalysts in the AB reaction; hence, photocatalysis will be explained in more detail before the discussion of the electrospun photocatalysts.
  • 498
  • 20 Jul 2021
Topic Review
N-Type Layered Oxyselenide Thermoelectric Materials
Bi6Cu2Se4O6is a new type of layered oxyselenide thermoelectric material. The crystal structure of Bi6Cu2Se4O6can be regarded as a 1:2 ratio of BiCuSeO and Bi2O2Se heaping along thec-axis by turns, so there are insulative layersBi2O22+and conductive layersCu2Se22−andSe2−in the structure. The Bi6Cu2Se4O6system not only maintains the low thermal conductivity of BiCuSeO but also can utilize the intrinsic electron carrier concentration of Bi2O2Se, considered to be a promisingn-type oxyselenide thermoelectric material.
  • 859
  • 20 Jul 2021
Topic Review
CrkL during Bone Remodeling
Coupled signaling between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts is crucial to the maintenance of bone homeostasis. We previously reported that v-crk avian sarcoma virus CT10 oncogene homolog-like (CrkL), which belongs to the Crk family of adaptors, inhibits bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-mediated osteoblast differentiation, while enhancing receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. In this study, we investigated whether CrkL can also regulate the coupling signals between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, facilitating bone homeostasis. Osteoblastic CrkL strongly decreased RANKL expression through its inhibition of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) transcription. Reduction in RANKL expression by CrkL in osteoblasts resulted in the inhibition of not only osteoblast-dependent osteoclast differentiation but also osteoclast-dependent osteoblast differentiation, suggesting that CrkL participates in the coupling signals between osteoblasts and osteoclasts via its regulation of RANKL expression. Therefore, CrkL bifunctionally regulates osteoclast differentiation through both a direct and indirect mechanism while it inhibits osteoblast differentiation through its blockade of both BMP2 and RANKL reverse signaling pathways. Collectively, these data suggest that CrkL is involved in bone homeostasis, where it helps to regulate the complex interactions of the osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and their coupling signals.
  • 580
  • 20 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Orange Peel Boards
The Orange Peel Board is a panel made by mixture of different proportions dried peels and wet peels. The commonly used processing method is thermo-pressing.  
  • 2.2K
  • 19 Jul 2021
Topic Review
CuCr1Zr Alloy during Direct Heating
Round tensile test specimens of an age-hardened CuCr1Zr alloy were subjected to direct electrical current heating in a Gleeble thermal–mechanical simulator at 800 °C. The mechanical properties were monitored by the Vickers hardness test, and the changes in the grain structure were examined by light metallography. A quantitative analysis of the size and distribution of fine precipitates during annealing was carried out using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The grain structure showed a gradient corresponding to the gradient of the temperature on the test piece. Annealing for 60 s at 800 °C resulted in a partially (~50%) recrystallized structure with new grains about 45 μm in diameter. In the as-delivered condition, TEM documented tiny (1 to 4 nm) coherent chromium precipitates inducing strain fields in the matrix. During overaging, the particles lost their coherence and gradually coarsened up to a mean diameter of 40 nm after 300 s at 800 °C. The coarsening kinetics obeys Lifshitz, Sloyzov, and Wagner’s theory
  • 470
  • 19 Jul 2021
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