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Topic Review
Magnetic Nanoparticles for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer
Cancer is a disease that has resulted in millions of deaths worldwide. The current conventional therapies utilized for the treatment of cancer have detrimental side effects. This led scientific researchers to explore new therapeutic avenues with an improved benefit to risk profile. 
  • 599
  • 10 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Magnetic Nanoparticles for Diagnosis
Magnetic nanoparticles gained considerable attention in last few years due to their remarkable properties. Superparamaganetism, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, chemical inertness, and environmental friendliness are some of the properties that make iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) an ideal choice for biomedical applications. Along with being easily tuneable and a tailored surface for conjugation of IONPs, their physio-chemical and biological properties can also be varied by modifying the basic parameters for synthesis that enhances the additional possibilities for designing novel magnetic nanomaterial for theranostic applications.
  • 625
  • 17 May 2021
Topic Review
Magnetic Nanoparticles
Technological development is in constant progress in the oncological field. The search for new concepts and strategies for improving cancer diagnosis, treatment and outcomes constitutes a necessary and continuous process, aiming at more specificity, efficiency, safety and better quality of life of the patients throughout the treatment. Nanotechnology embraces these purposes, offering a wide armamentarium of nanosized systems with the potential to incorporate both diagnosis and therapeutic features, towards real-time monitoring of cancer treatment. Within the nanotechnology field, magnetic nanosystems stand out as complex and promising nanoparticles with magnetic properties, that enable the use of these constructs for magnetic resonance imaging and thermal therapy purposes. Additionally, magnetic nanoparticles can be tailored for increased specificity and reduced toxicity, and functionalized with contrast, targeting and therapeutic agents, revealing great potential as multifunctional nanoplatforms for application in cancer theranostics. This review aims at providing a comprehensive description of the current designs, characterization techniques, synthesis methods, and the role of magnetic nanoparticles as promising nanotheranostic agents. A critical appraisal of the impact, potentialities and challenges associated with each technology is also presented.
  • 1.0K
  • 23 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Magnetic Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications of Nucleic Acids
Magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) combine the features of magnetic nanoparticles and a second material, which provide distinct physical, chemical, and biological properties. The magnetic core for nanocomposite synthesis is extensively used due to its high saturation magnetization, chemical stability, large surface area, and easy functionalization. Moreover, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have great potential for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic particle imaging (MPI), hyperthermia, and targeted drug and gene delivery by an external magnetic field. Numerous composing units exist, which leads to the outstanding application of composites. The authors focused on nucleic acid-based bioapplications of MNCs with polymeric, organic, inorganic, biomolecules, and bioinspared surface coating. The unique types of nanocomposites as magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) properties are presented. The authors aim to discuss the features of nucleic acid-based MNC information available to researchers in this field and guide them through some problems in the area, structure variation, and surface functionalization possibilities. The advancements of MNCs and imprinted polymers in nucleic acid-based therapy, diagnostics, theranostics, magnetic separation, biocatalytic, and biosensing are introduced.
  • 409
  • 29 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Magnetic Materials for Electrical Machines
Additive manufacturing has many advantages over traditional manufacturing methods and has been increasingly used in medical, aerospace, and automotive applications. The flexibility of additive manufacturing technologies to fabricate complex geometries from copper, polymer, and ferrous materials presents unique opportunities for new design concepts and improved machine power density without significantly increasing production and prototyping cost. Topology optimization investigates the optimal distribution of single or multiple materials within a defined design space, and can lead to unique geometries not realizable with conventional optimization techniques. As an enabling technology, additive manufacturing provides an opportunity for machine designers to overcome the current manufacturing limitation that inhibit adoption of topology optimization. Successful integration of additive manufacturing and topology optimization for fabricating magnetic components for electrical machines can enable new tools for electrical machine designers. This article presents a comprehensive review of the latest achievements in the application of additive manufacturing, topology optimization, and their integration for electrical machines and their magnetic components.
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Magnetic Material Nanoparticles
Magnetic material nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely used in the detection and treatment of bacterial infections as detection agents and therapeutics. Infections caused by pathogenic bacteria, especially multidrug-resistant bacteria, have become a serious worldwide public health problem. Early diagnosis and treatment can effectively prevent the adverse effects of such infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective methods for the early detection, prevention, and treatment of diseases that are caused by bacterial infections.
  • 974
  • 23 May 2024
Topic Review
Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesis
Iron oxides are chemical compounds which havedifferent polymorphic forms, including γ-Fe2O3 (maghemite), Fe3O4(magnetite), and FeO (wustite). Among them, the most studiedare γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4,as they possess extraordinary properties at the nanoscale (such as superparamagnetism, high specific surface area, biocompatible etc.),because at this size scale, the quantum effectsaffect matter behavior and optical, electrical and magnetic properties.Therefore, in the nanoscale, these materials become ideal for surface functionalization and modification in various applications such as separation techniques, magnetic sorting (cells and other biomolecules etc.), drug delivery, cancer hyperthermia, sensing etc., and also for increased surface area-to-volume ratio, which allows for excellent dispersibility in the solution form.The current methods used are partially and passively mixed reactants, and,thus, every reaction has a different proportion of all factors which causes further difficulties in reproducibility.Direct active and complete mixing and automated approaches could be solutions to thissize- and shape-controlled synthesis, playing a key role in its exploitation for scientific or technological purposes. An ideal synthesis method should be able to allow reliable adjustment of parameters andcontrol over the following: fluctuation in temperature;pH, stirring rate;particle distribution; size control;concentration; and control over nanoparticle shape andcomposition i.e., crystallinity, purity, and rapid screening. Iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP)-based available clinical applications are RNA/DNAextraction and detection of infectious bacteria andviruses. Such technologies are important at POC (point of care) diagnosis.IONPs can play a key role in these perspectives.Although there are various methods for synthesis of IONPs,one of the most crucial goals is to control size and properties with high reproducibility to accomplish successful applications.Using multiple characterization techniques to identify and confirm the oxide phase of iron can provide better characterization capability. It is very important to understand the in-depth IONP formation mechanism, enabling better control over parameters and overall reaction and, by extension, properties of IONPs.This workprovides an in-depth overview ofdifferent properties, synthesis methods, and mechanisms of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) formation, and the diverse range of theirapplications. Differentcharacterization factors and strategiesto confirm phase purity in the IONP synthesis field are reviewed.First, properties of IONPs and various synthesis routes with their merits and demerits are described. We also describe different synthesis strategies and formation mechanisms for IONPs such as for: wustite (FeO), hematite(α-Fe2O3), maghemite(ɤ-Fe2O3) and magnetite(Fe3O4). We also describe characterization of these nanoparticles and various applications in detail. In conclusion, we present a detailed overview on the properties, size-controlled synthesis, formation mechanisms and applications of IONPs.
  • 957
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Magnetic Guiding
Magnetic guidance is understood as a remote, untethered and contact-free control of the movements of an object via magnetic interactions. The movements should happen on arbitrary trajectories inside a container caused by an external device. The concept of remote magnetic guiding is developed from the underlying physics for bijective force generation over the inner volume of magnet systems. This concept can equally be implemented by electro- or permanent magnets. 
  • 973
  • 07 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Magnetic Gold Hybrids and Nanocomposites
The magnetic gold nanoparticles (mGNP) are hybrid metallic nanocomposites prepared from magnetic and plasmonic moieties that have attracted much attention over the last few years. Magnetic-plasmonic nanoparticles are basically core–shell structures with a bimetallic composition of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), or nickel ferrite as the magnetic, core and gold (Au), platinum, or silver (Ag) as the plasmonic shell. However, magnetic-plasmonic core–shell structures based on magnetite (Fe3O4) or maghemite (ɤ-Fe2O3) core and Au shell offer renowned advantages, where the Au shell is coated over the Fe core in a controlled manner.
  • 364
  • 25 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Magnetic Field Assisted Heat Treatment of Metallic Materials
Utilizing electromagnetic stirring technology, the magnetic field achieved significant advancements that improved the microstructure and characteristics of the metal solidification process. It gradually regulates the direction of the microstructure and properties of the solid metal material development, mainly reflected in magnetic field-assisted metal material heat treatment.
  • 599
  • 29 Nov 2022
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